Chindwin River

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River in Myanmar

title: "Chindwin River" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["rivers-of-myanmar"] description: "River in Myanmar" topic_path: "general/rivers-of-myanmar" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chindwin_River" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary River in Myanmar ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox river"]

FieldValue
nameChindwin River
other_name
imageHomalin aerial.jpg
image_captionThe Chindwin at Homalin. The smaller, meandering Uyu River can be seen joining the Chindwin.
mapIrrawaddyrivermap.jpg
source1_locationHukawng Valley, Kachin State
subdivision_type1Country
subdivision_name1Myanmar
length1,207 km
source1_elevation1,134 m
source1_coordinates
mouth_locationIrrawaddy River
mouth_elevation55 m
mouth_coordinates
discharge1_locationNear mouth
discharge1_avg(Period: 1967– 2009)149.7 km3/year
discharge2_locationMonywa (74 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 110,350 km2
discharge2_min(Period: 1966–2009)649 m3/s
discharge2_avg(Period: 1966–2009)4,637 m3/s
discharge2_max(Period: 1966–2009)19,935 m3/s
discharge3_locationHkamti (Basin size: 27,420 km2
discharge3_min(Period: 1972–2009)109 m3/s
discharge3_avg(Period: 1972–2009)2,290 m3/s
discharge3_max(Period: 1972–2009)14,150 m3/s
basin_size114,684.9 km2
tributaries_leftUyu
tributaries_rightMyittha
::

| name = Chindwin River | other_name =
| image = Homalin aerial.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The Chindwin at Homalin. The smaller, meandering Uyu River can be seen joining the Chindwin. | map = Irrawaddyrivermap.jpg | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | source1_location = Hukawng Valley, Kachin State | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = Myanmar | length = 1,207 km | source1_elevation = 1,134 m | source1_coordinates= | mouth_location = Irrawaddy River | mouth_elevation = 55 m | mouth_coordinates = | discharge1_location= Near mouth | discharge1_avg = (Period: 1967– 2009)149.7 km3/year | discharge2_location=Monywa (74 km upstream of mouth; Basin size: 110,350 km2 | discharge2_min =(Period: 1966–2009)649 m3/s | discharge2_avg =(Period: 1966–2009)4,637 m3/s | discharge2_max =(Period: 1966–2009)19,935 m3/s | discharge3_location=Hkamti (Basin size: 27,420 km2 | discharge3_min =(Period: 1972–2009)109 m3/s | discharge3_avg =(Period: 1972–2009)2,290 m3/s | discharge3_max =(Period: 1972–2009)14,150 m3/s | basin_size=114,684.9 km2 | tributaries_left = Uyu | tributaries_right= Myittha The Chindwin River (), also known as the Ningthi River (), is a river in Myanmar and the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River, which itself is the principal river of Myanmar.

Sources

The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly

Towns

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/R_Chindwin.JPG" caption="River Chindwin at Monywa"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Aerial_view_of_lower_Chindwin_River_and_Twin_Taung_(1980).JPG" caption="1980: River Chindwin 30 km NE of Monywa with [[Lower Chindwin]] crater lake"] ::

  1. Hkamti
  2. Htamanthi
  3. Homalin
  4. Mawlaik
  5. Kalewa
  6. Kalaymyo
  7. Mingin
  8. Monywa

Environment

Much of Chindwin's course lies within mountain ranges and forests. Due to the difficulty of access, much of it remains unspoilt. The government of Burma recently created a very large (2,500 square mile) sanctuary for the endangered tiger within the Hukawng Valley.

History

The mountain ranges to the west of the Chindwin are formidable, yet not totally impregnable to armies. The Kabaw valley saw many an invasion by the kingdom of Manipur to the west, most notably during the reign of King Garibaniwaj (1709–1748) when his army crossed over the Chindwin and the Mu, took Myedu, and reached as far as Sagaing opposite the capital Ava. The tables were turned in 1758 after King Alaungpaya ascended the Burmese throne. The Burmese army invaded and occupied Manipur and Assam marching across the western mountain ranges, and even encroached upon British India.

During World War II, when the Japanese had cut off sea access, the British army and other Allied forces under General Joseph Stilwell retreated on foot to India across the same mountains, with disastrous results, mainly due to disease and hunger. The Ledo Road was built across the Hukawng valley to supply China. The Chindwin was a major barrier both for the Japanese trying to invade India and for the Allied forces attempting to reoccupy Burma.

Ethnography and culture

The chindwin river has a great impact on the culture of western Burma.Andrew Hsiu which taken from a journal titled "Morphological Evidence for a Central Branch of Trans-Himalayan (Sino-Tibetan)." by Scott DeLancey which was published on 2015 Central Sino-Tibetan languages originated from valley areas of this river.

Economics

The Chindwin is served by regular river-going vessels up to the town of Homalin. Teak forests within its drainage area have been a valuable resource since ancient times. The Hukawng Valley is known for its abundance of Burmese amber. Along the river, there are deposits of jade, but Hpakant in the headwaters of the Uyu river is the only place in the world where the finest jade - known as jadeite or imperial jade - is found, along with an abundance of fish.

Notes

References

Bibliography

  • J. G. Scott, Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan States. 5 vols. Rangoon, 1900–1901

References

  1. "Myanmar 1. Chindwin River".
  2. "Chindwin".
  3. Pemberton, R. B.. (1835). "Report On The Eastern Frontier Of British India". Baptist Mission Press, Kolkata.
  4. Siṃha, K. M.. (1989). "Hijam Irabot Singh and Political Movements in Manipur". B.R. Publishing Corporation.
  5. "GENERAL / LATEST NEWS: ENVIS Centre, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change, Govt. of India". [[National Informatics Centre]].
  6. {{cite EB1911
  7. "Chindwin River". [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] online.
  8. "Earth from Space". [[NASA]], November 1998.
  9. "River Discharge and Reservoir Storage Changes Using Satellite Microwave Radiometry".
  10. "The Flood Observatory".
  11. "Hpakan Other Rock Mine(Myanmar)".
  12. "Heaven and Hell: The Quest for Jade in Upper Burma". Ruby-Sapphire.com.
  13. "Map of Sagaing Division". Asterism.
  14. "Rationale for a National Tiger Action Plan for Myanmar". [[Wildlife Conservation Society]] (WCS).
  15. Phanjoubam Tarapot. (2003). "Bleeding Manipur". Har-Anand Publications.
  16. Baruah, Sri Surendra. "The Stillwell Road A Historical Review". Tinsukia.
  17. "Chindwin River". The Pacific War Online Encyclopaedia.

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rivers-of-myanmar