Caroverine

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title: "Caroverine" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["quinoxalines", "lactams", "4-methoxyphenyl-compounds", "investigational-tinnitus-drugs", "ampa-receptor-antagonists", "nmda-receptor-antagonists", "diethylamino-compounds"] description: "Chemical compound" topic_path: "general/quinoxalines" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroverine" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Chemical compound ::

| Verifiedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 455349170 | IUPAC_name = 1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]- 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)quinoxalin- 2(1H)-one | image = Caroverine.png | image_class = skin-invert-image

| tradename = Spasmium, Tinnitin, Tinnex | pregnancy_category = | legal_status = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = By mouth

| bioavailability = | metabolism = | elimination_half-life = | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = | CAS_number = 23465-76-1 | ATC_prefix = A03 | ATC_suffix = AX11 | StdInChI_Ref = | StdInChI = 1S/C22H27N3O2/c1-4-24(5-2)14-15-25-21-9-7-6-8-19(21)23-20(22(25)26)16-17-10-12-18(27-3)13-11-17/h6-13H,4-5,14-16H2,1-3H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = | StdInChIKey = MSPRUJDUTKRMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | PubChem = 65709 | ChEMBL_Ref = | ChEMBL = 1729803 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = | ChemSpiderID = 59135 | UNII_Ref = | UNII = XJ73B0K6KB

| C = 22 | H = 27 | N = 3 | O = 2 | smiles = O=C/1N(c3c(\N=C\1Cc2ccc(OC)cc2)cccc3)CCN(CC)CC

Caroverine is an antispasmodic drug used in Austria and Switzerland to relieve spasms in smooth muscles, as well as to treat cerebrovascular diseases and tinnitus.

Chemically, it is a quinoxalineone and is available in both a base and hydrochloric acid forms.

Pharmacology

Pharmacologically, it has been described as a nonspecific calcium channel blocker and as an antagonist of the NMDA receptor and other receptors.

History

It was discovered in Austria in the 1950s and was developed by Austrian company Phafag AG.

Its international nonproprietary name (INN), caroverine, was proposed in 1972.

Society and culture

Brand names

As of 2018, it was marketed under the brand names Spasmium and Tinnitin in Austria, and under the brand Tinnex in India.

Research

An intravenous formulation was tested in a single-blinded study in tinnitus that published in 1997 and had positive results; an effort to replicate those results failed to show any effect, and more people had their condition worsen than experienced benefit. Pilot studies using a spray formulation for tinnitus published in 2005.

In 2010 Phafag licensed rights to caroverine to the Indian company, Lincoln Pharmaceuticals, to develop the drug for tinnitus in India. Lincoln first marketed it for that purpose in India in 2011.

As of 2016 it had been studied in a small clinical trial in people with loss of the sense of smell.

References

References

1. (15 June 2000). "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Wiley.
2. (2009). "Martindale". Pharmaceutical Press.
3. (1972). "Proposed INNs List 28". WHO Chronicle.
4. "Caroverine International Brands". Drugs.com.
5. (December 2009). "Emerging pharmacotherapy of tinnitus". Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs.
6. (August 1999). "A review of randomized clinical trials in tinnitus". The Laryngoscope.
7. (2007). "Tinnitus: Pathophysiology and Treatment".
8. (17 November 2010). "Press release: Lincoln Pharma ties up with Swiss Phafag for Tinnitin injections". Lincoln via Business Standard India.
9. (14 April 2011). "Press Release: Lincoln Pharma launches Tinnex Injection". Lincoln via Business Standard India.
10. (July 2016). "Pharmacologic treatment for postviral olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review". International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.

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