Carlina

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Genus of flowering plants

title: "Carlina" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["carlina", "asteraceae-genera", "botanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus"] description: "Genus of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/carlina" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlina" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants ::

|image = Carlina vulgaris 02 (HS).JPG |image_caption = Carlina vulgaris |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Carlina |authority = L. |synonyms_ref = |synonyms =

  • Carlowizia Moench
  • Chamaeleon Cass.
  • Chromatolepis Dulac
  • Lyrolepis Rech.f.

Carlina is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is distributed from Madeira and the Canary Islands across Europe and northern Africa to Siberia and northwestern China.

Plants of the genus are known commonly as carline thistles.

Description

Carlina species are very similar to true thistles (genus Cirsium) in morphology,

Taxonomy and relationships

Carlina is closely related to the genus Atractylis. Together they are a sister group to the genus Atractylodes in the subtribe Carlininae. Carlina has been divided into five subgenera: Carlina, Carlowizia, Heracantha, Lyrolepis, and Mitina. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Carlina_biebersteinii_3.jpg" caption="''[[Carlina biebersteinii]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Carlina_canariensis_var._xeranthemiformis_01.JPG" caption="''[[Carlina canariensis]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Asteraceae_-_Carlina_corymbosa-2.JPG" caption="''[[Carlina corymbosa]]''"] ::

There are about 28 species in the genus.

Etymology

The genus name honors Charlemagne (748–814). According to a legend, he was instructed by an angel to fire an arrow. The plant in which it landed would be a remedy for the bubonic plague. After shooting an arrow it landed in a specimen of Carlina acaulis.

Uses

Carlina species have been used as herbal remedies in European systems of traditional medicine. C. acaulis root is known as Carlinae radix and is still used medicinally as a diuretic and a treatment for such conditions as skin lesions and rashes, catarrh, and toothache. Most commercial preparations of Carlinae radix are not C. acaulis, but are in fact adulterated with C. acanthifolia, a related species. The essential oil of both species is mostly composed of carlina oxide, an acetylene derivative. The compound has antimicrobial activity. The young flowerhead of C. acaulis is also eaten like an artichoke.

References

References

  1. [https://archive.today/20141111230601/http://dixon.iplantcollaborative.org/CompositaeWeb/default.aspx?Page=NameDetails&TabNum=0&NameId=6925f176-37bc-4f17-86c7-82d0be3b3c1e Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist ]
  2. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358849#page/270/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 828-829] in Latin
  3. [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40001554 Tropicos, ''Carlina'' L.]
  4. Kovanda, M. (2002). [http://www.upjs.sk/public/media/5745/thaiszia-12-075-082-2002-kovanda.pdf Observations on ''Carlina biebersteinii''.] ''Thaiszia Journal of Botany'' 12(1), 75-82.
  5. [http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/floraspecie.php?genere=Carlina Altervista Flora Italiana, genere ''Carlina''] includes photos and European distribution maps
  6. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200023609 Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 39 刺苞菊 ci bao ju ''Carlina biebersteinii'' Bernhardi ex Hornemann, Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn. 94. 1819. ]
  7. [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=36935 ''Carlina''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  8. [http://ww2.bgbm.org/euroPlusMed/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=133890&PTRefFk=7000000 ''Carlina''.] In: Greuter, W. & E. von Raab-Straube. (Eds.) Compositae. Euro+Med Plantbase.
  9. and are part of the thistle tribe, [[Cardueae]]. Most are biennial herbs, but the genus includes annuals, perennials, [[shrub]]s, and dwarf [[tree]]s, as well. The largest reach about 80 centimeters tall. The stems are upright and branching or unbranched. The whole plant is [[Thorns, spines, and prickles. spiny]]. The leaves have toothed or lobed blades with spiny edges and sometimes woolly hairs. The [[pseudanthium. flower heads]] are solitary or borne in [[inflorescence]]s. The head is hemispherical to bell-shaped and lined with several layers of spiny [[bract. phyllaries]]. The outer phyllaries may be very long and leaflike. It contains tubular or funnel-shaped disc florets in shades of yellow or red. The fruit is a hairy cypsela with a plumelike [[pappus (flower structure)
  10. Peng, H. S., et al. (2011). [http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3509600 Molecular systematics of genus ''Atractylodes'' (Compositae, Cardueae): Evidence from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL-F sequences.] ''International Journal of Molecular Sciences'' 13(11), 14623-33.
  11. Đorđević, S., et al. (2012). [http://www.chalcogen.infim.ro/1213_Djordjevic.pdf Bioactivity assays on ''Carlina acaulis'' and ''C. acanthifolia'' root and herb extracts.] {{webarchive. link. (November 3, 2013 ''Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures'' 7(3), 1213-22.)
  12. Djordjevic, S., et al. (2005). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10600-005-0163-2#page-1 Composition of ''Carlina acanthifolia'' root essential oil.] ''Chemistry of Natural Compounds'' 41(4), 410-12.

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carlinaasteraceae-generabotanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus