Carduus

Quality 0.50 · 2 views · Updated 2 months ago

Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family

title: "Carduus" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["carduus", "asteraceae-genera", "butterfly-food-plants", "botanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus", "flora-of-the-palearctic-realm"] description: "Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family" topic_path: "general/carduus" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carduus" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family ::

|image = Carduus crispus - Keila.jpg |image_caption = Carduus crispus |display_parents = 3 |taxon = Carduus |authority = L. |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = 90+, see text |synonyms =

  • Clavena DC. (1838)
  • Clomium Adans. (1763)
  • Onopyxus Bubani (1899), nom. superfl.
  • Orthocentron Cass. (1825)
  • Polycantha Hill (1762)
  • Pternix Hill (1762) |synonyms_ref =

Carduus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and the tribe Cardueae, one of two genera considered to be true thistles, the other being Cirsium. Plants of the genus are known commonly as plumeless thistles. They are native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa,

Etymology

The genus name Carduus is from the Latin for "a kind of thistle" or "thistlelike plant". It is also related to the word card, which as a noun means a device (often a stiff-bristled brush) for aligning and cleaning fibers, and as a verb means the action of processing fibers in that way.

Description

These are usually annual or biennial herbs, sometimes perennial. Species often grow 2 meters in height but are known to reach 4 meters. The erect stems are winged and spiny, and usually have woolly hairs. The leaf blades are hairy to hairless and entire or divided into lobes, and they have spine-toothed edges. The flower heads are solitary or borne in inflorescences of up to 20. The head is spherical to cylindrical and covered in several layers of spreading or curving spine-tipped phyllaries. It contains long, tubular disc florets in shades of white, pink, or purple. The fruit is a cypsela tipped with a pappus of barbed bristles or scales.

Ecology

Several Carduus are notorious invasive plants outside their native range, for example, in Australia and the United States. Species such as C. acanthoides, C. nutans, C. pycnocephalus, and C. tenuiflorus easily become weedy in disturbed habitat, such as overgrazed pasture. C. nutans is allelopathic, producing compounds that inhibit the growth and development of other plants.

Agents of biological pest control that have been used against weedy Carduus thistles include the thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus), thistle crown weevil (Trichosirocalus horridus), and thistle crown fly (Cheilosia corydon). The musk thistle rust (Puccinia carduorum), a fungus, may also be used against C. nutans.

Species

File:20130413Carduus acanthoides1.jpg|Carduus acanthoides File:Partially opened flower bud of Carduus nutans.jpg|Carduus nutans File:1398 - Nationalpark Hohe Tauern - Flowers.JPG|Carduus personata

The genus includes 82 accepted species, and several natural hybrids.

Formerly placed here

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Carduus_Keniensis.jpg" caption="''[[Afrocarduus keniensis]]''"] ::

References

References

  1. [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330047-2 ''Carduus'' L.] ''[[Plants of the World Online]]''. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  2. Jordon-Thaden, I. E. and S. M. Louda. (2003). [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1084&context=bioscifacpub Chemistry of ''Cirsium'' and ''Carduus'': a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?] ''Biochemical Systematics and Ecology'' 31(12), 1353-96.
  3. [https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=35783 ''Carduus''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  4. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=105640 ''Carduus''.] Flora of North America.
  5. and several are known elsewhere as [[introduced species]]. This genus is noted for its disproportionately high number of [[noxious weed]]s compared to other flowering plant genera.Schmidt, J. P. and J. M. Drake. (2011). [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018654 Why are some plant genera more invasive than others?] ''PLOS One'' 6(4), e18654.
  6. [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=360 ''Carduus''.] The Jepson eFlora 2013.
  7. It is related to the word ''Cardonnacum'' ("a place of chardons or thistles"), which is the origin of [[Chardonnay]], the name of the [[List of grape varieties
  8. [http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=gn&name=Carduus ''Carduus''.] PlantNET. National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney.
  9. [https://archive.today/20131101030959/http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ipc/weedinfo/carduus.htm Genus ''Carduus''.] Encycloweedia. California Department of Food and Agriculture.
  10. Young, T. P. and M. M. Peacock. (1985). [https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_101558_vegetativekeytothealpinevascul1985/185_1985_Young#page/n0/mode/2up Vegetative key to the alpine vascular plants of Mount Kenya.] ''Journal of the East African Natural History Society'' 185, 1–9.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

carduusasteraceae-generabutterfly-food-plantsbotanical-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeusflora-of-the-palearctic-realm