Camaenidae

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Family of gastropods

title: "Camaenidae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["camaenidae", "helicoidea", "gastropod-genera"] description: "Family of gastropods" topic_path: "general/camaenidae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camaenidae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of gastropods ::

| image = | image_caption = | taxon = Camaenidae | authority = Pilsbry, 1895 | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = * Bradybaenidae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898)

  • Crassispirinae McLean, 1971
  • Zonulispirinae McLean, 1971 | type_genus = Camaena | type_genus_authority = Albers, 1850 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text

Camaenidae is a family of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicoidea, the typical snails and their allies. This is one of the most diverse families in the clade Stylommatophora.

These snails occur in a wide variety of habitats in the tropics of Eastern Asia and Australasia.

A large American group, which is mainly represented by species from the Caribbean, has, until recently, also been subsumed under the Camaenidae. However, latest molecular phylogenetic studies showed that these species represent a different family, the Pleurodontidae.

This molecular study also implies that the Bradybaeninae, previously treated as a distinct family within the Helicoidea, is a junior synonym of the Camaenidae.

Anatomy

Camaenid shells are often quite large (25–50 mm), but a number of species also have small shells (

This family is defined by a missing stimulatory organ. There are no synapomorphies uniting this diverse family. The Australasian group is a closely related to the Bradybaeninae.

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 26 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

Taxonomy

Division into subfamilies has been suggested, however, given the unresolved relationships on the family level, the subfamilial treatments must be considered hypothetical. They do not reflect the results of comprehensive phylogenetic analyses and are not corroborated by current molecular data.

The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) (as based on a suggestion of Alan Solem)

  • subfamily Camaeninae Pilbry, 1895 – synonyms: Amphidrominae Kobelt, 1902; Hadridae Iredale, 1937; Xanthomelontidae Iredale, 1937; Chloritidae Iredale, 1938; Papuinidae Iredale, 1938; Calyciidae Iredale, 1941; Planispiridae Iredale, 1941; Cristovalinae Schileyko, 2003
  • subfamily Rhagadinae Iredale, 1938
  • subfamily Sinumeloninae Solem, 1992

A different taxonomy of the Caemenidae was used by Schileyko (1998–2003).

The new taxonomy of the gastropods, published in 2017 and accepted by WoRMS, gives the following subfamilies:

  • Camaeninae Pilsbry, 1895 [= Amphidrominae Kobelt, 1902]

  • Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898)

    • tribe Bradybaenini Pilsbry, 1934 (1898) [= Eulotidae Möllendorff, 1898; = Fruticicolinae Kobelt, 1904; = Buliminopsinae Hoffmann, 1928]
    • tribe Aegistini Kuroda & Habe, 1949
    • tribe Euhadrini Habe, Okutani & Nishiwaki, 1994

  • Hadrinae Iredale, 1937 [= Xanthomelontidae Iredale, 1937; = Rhagadidae Iredale, 1938; = Chloritidae Iredale, 1938; = Papuinidae Iredale, 1938; = Calyciidae Iredale, 1941; = Planispiridae Iredale, 1941; = Sinumeloninae Solem, 1992; = Cristovalinae Schileyko, 2003]

  • Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909378 [= Pfeifferiinae Gray, 1855; = Cochlostylidae Möllendorff, 1890] As of March 2023, WoRMS accepts four subfamilies:

  • Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1895

  • Camaeninae Iredale, 1937

  • Hadrinae Iredale, 1937

  • Helicostylinae Ihering, 1909 (1890)

Genera

The following genera are accepted in the Camaenidae:

Genera not placed in a subfamily:

Subfamily Bradybaeninae Pilsbry, 1934 (1898):

Subfamily Camaeninae:

Subfamily Hadrinae:

Subfamily Helicostylinae:

References

References

  1. [[Henry Augustus Pilsbry. Pilsbry H. A.]] (1895). ''[[Manual of Conchology]], structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata.'' Helicidae – Volume VII. '''9'''(33a): [https://archive.org/stream/manualofconcholo09tryorich#page/n41/mode/1up xxxii].
  2. Cuezzo M. G. (2003). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Camaenidae (Mollusca: Stylommatophora) with special emphasis on the American taxa". ''[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]]'' '''138'''(4): 449-476. {{doi. 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2003.00061.x.
  3. Wade, C.M., Hudelot, C., Davison, A., Naggs, F., Mordan, P.B. Molecular phylogeny of the helicoid land snails (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea), with special emphasis on the Camaenidae. ''[[Journal of Molluscan Studies]]'' '''73''': 411-415.
  4. Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.P. Classification and Nomenclator of gastropod families. ''[[Malacologia]]'' '''47''': 1-397.
  5. Scott B. 1996. ''Phylogenetic relationships of the Camaenidae (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea)''. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 62: 65-73. [https://archive.today/20120713181230/http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/62/1/65 Abstract]
  6. 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
  7. [[Wilhelm Kobelt. Kobelt W.]] (1902). ''Systematisches Conchilien-Cabinet'', ed. 2, Bd. 1, Abt 13, Theil 2: 1033.
  8. Iredale T. (1938). The Australian Zoologist '''9'''(2): 112.
  9. Solem A. (1992). Records of the South Australian Museum, Monograph series '''2''': 161.
  10. Schileyko A. A. (1998-2003). Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs. ''Ruthenica'' supplement 2.
  11. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.4002/040.061.0201 Revised Classification, Nomenclator and Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families; Malacologia 61(1-2):1-526. 2017]
  12. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - ''Camaenidae'' Pilsbry, 1895".

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