Callithrix

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Genus of New World monkeys

title: "Callithrix" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["callithrix", "primates-of-south-america", "primate-genera", "taxa-named-by-johann-christian-polycarp-erxleben", "taxa-described-in-1777"] description: "Genus of New World monkeys" topic_path: "society/religion" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callithrix" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of New World monkeys ::

| name = Callithrix | status2 = CITES_A1 | status2_system = CITES | image = Marmoset_copy.jpg | image_caption = Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | taxon = Callithrix | authority = Erxleben, 1777 | type_species = Simia jacchus | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = 6; see text | synonyms =

  • Anthopithecus F. Cuvier, 1829
  • Arctopithecus G. Cuvier, 1819
  • Hapale Illiger, 1811
  • Hapales F. Cuvier, 1829
  • Harpale Gray, 1821
  • Iacchus Spix, 1823
  • Jacchus É. Geoffroy, 1812
  • Midas É. Geoffroy, 1828
  • Ouistitis Burnett, 1826
  • Sagoin Desmarest, 1804
  • Sagoinus Kerr, 1792
  • Sagouin Lacépède, 1799
  • Saguin Fischer, 1803

Callithrix is a genus of New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae, the family containing marmosets and tamarins. The genus contains the Atlantic Forest marmosets. The name Callithrix is derived from the Greek words kallos, meaning beautiful, and thrix, meaning hair.

Taxonomy

The genera Mico and Callibella were formerly considered a subgenus of the genus Callithrix. Callithrix differs from Mico in dental morphology and geographic distribution; Callithrix species are distributed near the Atlantic coast of Brazil, while Mico species are distributed further inland.

Some authorities, including Rosenberger (1981), believe that the pygmy marmoset, genus Cebuella, should be included within Callithrix on the basis of genetic studies, although Cebuella is significantly smaller than Callithrix.

In general, Callithrix and Mico species tend to form larger groups and live within smaller home ranges, thus live in higher population densities, than other callitrichids, but these statistics can vary dramatically among various Callithrix species. C. jacchus and C. pencillata typically have home territories less than 10 hectares, while other Callithrix species tend to have larger home territories.

Species

The genus includes these species:

|name=Common marmoset |binomial=Callithrix jacchus |image=File:Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Linnaeus |authority-year=1758 |authority-not-original=yes |range= Brazil, in the states of Piaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia. |range-image=File:Callithrix jacchus distribution.svg |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status= LC |population= |direction= |subspecies=

|name=Black-tufted marmoset |binomial=Callithrix penicillata |image=File:Sagui Tufos Pretos (Callithrix penicillata).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=É. Geoffroy |authority-year=1812 |authority-not-original=yes |range= Brazil from Bahia to Paraná |range-image=File:Callithrix penicillata distribution.svg |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status= LC |population= |direction= |subspecies=

|name= Wied's marmoset|binomial=Callithrix kuhlii |image=File:Callithrix kuhlii 2.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Coimbra-Filho |authority-year=1985 |authority-not-original= |range= eastern Brazil |range-image=File:Callithrix kuhlii distribution.svg |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status= VU |population= |direction= |subspecies=

|name= White-headed marmoset|binomial=Callithrix geoffroyi |image=File:HD Weißgesicht-Seidenäffchen groß.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Humboldt|authority-year=1812 |authority-not-original=yes |range= eastern Brazil |range-image=File:White-headed Marmoset area.png |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat=, |hunting= |iucn-status= LC |population= |direction= |subspecies=

|name= Buffy-headed marmoset|binomial=Callithrix flaviceps |image=File:Callithrix flaviceps 2.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=Thomas |authority-year=1903 |authority-not-original=yes |range= Brazil from southern Espírito Santo and possibly northern Rio de Janeiro and its distribution extends into Minas Gerais |range-image=File:Callithrix flaviceps distribution.svg |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status= CR |population= |direction= |subspecies=

|name=Buffy-tufted marmoset |binomial=Callithrix aurita |image=File:Buffy-tufted marmoset (Callithrix aurita).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt= |authority-name=É. Geoffroy |authority-year= 1812|authority-not-original=yes |range= southeast Brazil |range-image=File:Callithrix aurita distribution.svg |range-image-size=180px |size= |habitat= |hunting= |iucn-status=EN |population= |direction= |subspecies=

Ecology

Exudates, such as gum and sap, fruit, nectar, and fungi make up the bulk of Callthrix species' diet, but they also eat animal prey such as arthropods, young birds, and small lizards and frogs. They are specialized for exploiting exudates by their elongated, chisel-like lower incisors and a wide jaw gape that allows them to gouge bark of trees that produce gums. Their intestines also have an enlarged, complex cecum that allows them to digest gums more efficiently than most other animals. The ability of Callithrix species to feed on exudates allows them to survive in areas where fruit is highly seasonal or not readily available. Some species, such as C. jacchus and C. pencillata, have been known to inhabit city parks, backyards, and coconut plantations.

Breeding

Callithrix females generally give birth to two, and sometimes more infants at a time. They can ovulate and conceive within 2-4 weeks after giving birth, and ovulation is not inhibited by lactation. Polygyny is known to occur in several Callithrix species. Infanticide is also known to occur, at least within C. jacchus, in which the dominant female kills the offspring of a subordinate female. Females generally reach sexual maturity between 12 and 17 months, and males between 15 and 25 months.

References

References

  1. {{MSW3 Groves
  2. (2009). "South American Primates: Comparative Perspectives in the Study of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation". Springer.
  3. {{MSW3 Groves
  4. Rowe, N.. (1996). "The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates". Pogonias Press.

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callithrixprimates-of-south-americaprimate-generataxa-named-by-johann-christian-polycarp-erxlebentaxa-described-in-1777