Calidris

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Genus of birds

title: "Calidris" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["calidris", "sandpipers", "bird-genera"] description: "Genus of birds" topic_path: "general/calidris" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calidris" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of birds ::

| image = Knutt (juvenil) 07.jpg | image_caption = Red knot (Calidris canutus) in juvenile plumage, Brittany, France | taxon = Calidris | authority = Merrem, 1804 | type_species = Tringa calidris = Tringa canutus | type_species_authority = Gmelin, 1789 | synonyms =

  • Philomachus Merrem, 1804
  • Ereunetes Illiger, 1811
  • Erolia Vieillot, 1816
  • Limicola Koch, 1816
  • Machetes Cuvier, 1817
  • Eurynorhynchus Nilsson, 1821
  • Crocethia Billberg, 1828
  • Canutus Brehm, 1831
  • Aphriza Audubon, 1839
  • Tryngites Cabanis, 1857
  • Micropalama Baird, 1858

Calidris is a genus of Arctic-breeding, strongly migratory wading birds in the family Scolopacidae. These birds form huge mixed flocks on coasts and estuaries in winter. Migratory shorebirds are shown to have declined in reproductive traits because of temporal changes of their breeding seasons. They are the typical "sandpipers", small to medium-sized, long-winged and relatively short-billed.

Their bills have sensitive tips which contain numerous corpuscles of Herbst. This enables the birds to locate buried prey items, which they typically seek with restless running and probing.

Taxonomy

The genus Calidris was introduced in 1804 by the German naturalist Blasius Merrem with the red knot as the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek kalidris or skalidris, a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside birds.

Many of the species have been treated under other generic names at various times in the past, but these treatments leave Calidris polyphyletic; synonyms are in brackets in the list below.

The genus contain 24 species:

The following species-level cladogram is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by David Černý and Rossy Natale that was published in 2022. Some of the nodes are only weakly supported by the sequence data. |label1=Calidris |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Red knot – Calidris canutus |2={{clade |1=Great knot – Calidris tenuirostris |2=Surfbird – Calidris virgata |2={{clade |1=Ruff – Calidris pugnax |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Sharp-tailed sandpiper – Calidris acuminata |2=Broad-billed sandpiper – Calidris falcinellus |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=Curlew sandpiper – Calidris ferruginea |2=Stilt sandpiper – Calidris himantopus |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Spoon-billed sandpiper – Calidris pygmaea |2=Red-necked stint – Calidris ruficollis |2={{clade |1=Long-toed stint – Calidris subminuta |2=Temminck's stint – Calidris temminckii |2={{clade |1=Buff-breasted sandpiper – Calidris subruficollis |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Sanderling – Calidris alba |2={{clade |1=Dunlin – Calidris alpina |2={{clade |1=Purple sandpiper – Calidris maritima |2=Rock sandpiper – Calidris ptilocnemis |2={{clade |1=Baird's sandpiper – Calidris bairdii |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Little stint – Calidris minuta |2={{clade |1=White-rumped sandpiper – Calidris fuscicollis |2=Least sandpiper – Calidris minutilla |2={{clade |1=Pectoral sandpiper – Calidris melanotos |2={{clade |1=Western sandpiper – Calidris mauri |2=Semipalmated sandpiper – Calidris pusilla

References

References

  1. . ["Scolopacidae"](https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=59). *The Trust for Avian Systematics*.
  2. (February 2018). "Life-history tradeoffs revealed by seasonal declines in reproductive traits of Arctic-breeding shorebirds". Journal of Avian Biology.
  3. (2005). "Functional association of bill morphology and foraging behaviour in calidrid sandpipers". Animal Biology.
  4. Merrem, Blasius. (8 June 1804). "Naturgeschichte". Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung.
  5. (1934). "Check-List of Birds of the World". Harvard University Press.
  6. Jobling, James A. (2010). "The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names". Christopher Helm.
  7. (2004-08-24). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology.
  8. (2012). "Multiple gene sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships in the shorebird suborder Scolopaci (Aves: Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
  9. (2019). "Sandpipers, snipes, coursers". International Ornithologists' Union.
  10. (2022). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

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