Calappa hepatica

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Species of crustacean

title: "Calappa hepatica" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["calappoidea", "crabs-of-the-indian-ocean", "crabs-of-the-pacific-ocean", "crustaceans-described-in-1758", "animal-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus"] description: "Species of crustacean" topic_path: "geography/india" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappa_hepatica" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Species of crustacean ::

| name = Calappa hepatica | image = Calappa hepatica.JPG | taxon = Calappa hepatica | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms_ref =
| synonyms =

  • Cancer afata Curtiss, 1938
  • Cancer hepaticus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Cancer tuberculatus Herbst, 1785
  • Calappa tuberculosa Guérin, 1829
  • Calappa spinosissima H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
  • Calappe sandwichien Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842

Calappa hepatica, the reef box crab,

Description

Calappa hepatica grows to a carapace width of about 4 cm; the length is always less than two thirds of its width. The posterior portion of the shell has broad extensions with several blunt teeth on the margin, and these largely conceal the walking legs. The carapace and the exposed parts of the chelae (pincers) are a mottled greyish-brown colour, and are covered with small raised tubercles of various sizes, making the crabs well-camouflaged when semi-submerged in the sand. The chelae are large and powerful, and specially adapted to the crab's feeding behaviour, the crushing and eating of molluscs.

Distribution and habitat

Calappa hepatica is found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region, its range extending from the Red Sea to Hawaii, French Polynesia, Cocos Island and northern Australia. Its typical habitat is on the sandy or shelly sand seabed, often in reef habitats, and seagrass meadows, at depths down to about 150 m.

Ecology

During the day, Calappa hepatica remains buried in sand with only the area round the eyes protruding. It emerges at night to hunt for prey, and can rebury itself in the substrate efficiently and fast if danger threatens. It is a predator, and largely feeds on bivalve and gastropod molluscs, as well as hermit crabs. It has a specially adapted right chela which it uses to break open the shell of its prey; for this purpose it has a large accessory tooth located at the base of the hinged part of the claw, which is located opposite a flat plate on the fixed part, the two working together like a vice.

Calappe_sandwichien.png|Illustration of Calappa sandwichien made in 1852, a synonym of C. hepatica Calappa hepatica (MNHN-IU-2010-5033).jpeg|Preserved specimen Calappa hepatica (MNHN-IU-2013-2016).jpeg|Both of these specimens belong to the collection of the Museé National D'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN)

References

References

  1. Peter K. L. Ng. (2008). "Systema Brachyurorum: Part I. An annotated checklist of extant Brachyuran crabs of the world". [[Raffles Bulletin of Zoology]].
  2. WoRMS. (2010). "''Calappa hepatica'' (Linnaeus, 1758)". [[World Register of Marine Species]].
  3. "Reef box crab: ''Calappa hepatica''". Wild Singapore.
  4. Tsune Sakai. "''Calappa hepatica''". Marine Species Identification Portal.
  5. "''Calappa hepatica'' (Linnaeus, 1758): reef box crab". SeaLifeBase.
  6. Bourjon, Philippe. "''Calappa hepatica''". Sous les Mers.
  7. "The Japanese Shame-Faced Crab". [[Western Australian Museum]].

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calappoideacrabs-of-the-indian-oceancrabs-of-the-pacific-oceancrustaceans-described-in-1758animal-taxa-named-by-carl-linnaeus