Cabombaceae

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Family of flowering plants

title: "Cabombaceae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cabombaceae", "angiosperm-families"] description: "Family of flowering plants" topic_path: "general/cabombaceae" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabombaceae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of flowering plants ::

| fossil_range = (likely) Mid-Cretaceous–Present | image = Cabomba caroliniana 5447102.jpg | image_caption = Flowering Cabomba caroliniana | image2 = Brasenia schreberi inat1.jpg | image2_caption = Flowering Brasenia schreberi | taxon = Cabombaceae | authority = Rich. ex A.Rich. | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = *Brasenia Schreb.

The Cabombaceae are a family of aquatic, herbaceous flowering plants. A common name for its species is water shield. The family is recognised as distinct in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group IV system (2016). The family consists of two genera of aquatic plants, Brasenia and Cabomba, totalling six species.

Description

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Cabomba_caroliniana_A.Gray_leaf.jpg" caption="Submerged leaf of ''Cabomba caroliniana'' A.Gray with scale bar (2 cm) on a white background"] ::

Vegetative characteristics

Cabombaceae are perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic herbs with slender, branched rhizomes and adventitious roots. The leaves are whorled, alternate, or opposite. Both floating and submerged leaves are produced.

Generative characteristics

The solitary, pedunculate, bisexual, chasmogamous, actinomorphic, inodorous flowers float on the water surface or extend beyond it. The gynoecium consists of (1–)2–18 free carpels. The indehiscent, follicle-like or achene-like fruit bears 1–3 seeds.

Distribution

The Cabombaceae are all aquatic, living in still or slow-moving waters of temperate and tropical North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Although found on all continents but Antarctica, the plants tend to grow in relatively restricted ranges.

Fossil record

The family has an extensive fossil record from the Cretaceous with plants that exhibit affinities to either the Cabombaceae or Nymphaeaceae occurring in the Early Cretaceous.

One such likely Cretaceous member is the genus Pluricarpellatia, found in rocks 115 million years old in what is now Brazil. Garasbahia flexuosa Krassilov et Bachia has been described from the mid-Cretaceous of Morocco.

Taxonomy

Publication

The family Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich. was first published in 1822 by Louis Claude Richard, but initial description did not satisfy the requirements for valid publications. The family then was validated by Achille Richard.

Taxonomic history

The APG system of 1998 included this family in the water lily family Nymphaeaceae, as did the APG II system, of 2003 (optionally). The APG III and APG IV systems of classification separated the family Cabombaceae from the family Nymphaeaceae. The family is part of the order Nymphaeales, which is one of the most basal flowering plant lineages.

References

References

  1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society.
  2. Stevens, Peter F.. "Cabombaceae". [[APWeb]].
  3. Wang, H., & Dilcher, D. L. (2006). [https://www.academia.edu/download/39656014/Aquatic_angiosperms_from_the_Dakota_Form20151103-29858-5t0xsv.pdf "Aquatic angiosperms from the Dakota Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Hoisington III locality, Kansas, USA."] International Journal of Plant Sciences, 167(2), 385-401.
  4. Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich. (n.d.). Australian National Species List (auNSL). Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/54569
  5. Cabombaceae Rich. ex A. Rich. (n.d.). Catalogue of Life. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7HR
  6. "The families of flowering plants, Cabombaceae".
  7. Brgaard, Marian. (1991). "The genus Cabomba (Cabombaceae) - a taxonomic study". Nordic Journal of Botany.
  8. Cabombaceae in Flora of North America @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10140
  9. Cabombaceae. (n.d.). VicFlora Flora of Victoria. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/0fbf1892-c184-4ba6-8217-f627ab8fb0ec
  10. Pellegrini, M. O. O. & Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. (n.d.-e). Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich. Flora E Funga Do Brasil. Retrieved February 17, 2025, from https://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/FB69
  11. Cabombaceae in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=10140
  12. T.D. Stanley, A.E. Orchard. Cabombaceae, in P.G. Kodeal (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Cabombaceae [Date Accessed: 18 February 2025]
  13. Bory de Saint-Vincent. (1822). Dictionnaire classique d’histoire naturelle (Vol. 2, p. 608). Rey et Gravier, Libraries-Editeurs, Auai des Augustins, no. 55; Baudouin Frèrer, Libraries-Editeurs, Imprimeurs de la société D’Histoire Naturelle, Rue de Vaugirard, no. 36. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25672588
  14. (2011). "Early Flowers and Angiosperm Evolution". [[Cambridge University Press]].
  15. ''[[Scutifolium
  16. Krassilov, V.. (2013-03-01). "New Cenomanian florule and a leaf mine from southeastern Morocco: Palaeoecological and climatological inferences". Cretaceous Research.
  17. "Cabombaceae Rich. ex A.Rich.".
  18. (2014). "Reconstructing the age and historical biogeography of the ancient flowering-plant family Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales)". BMC Evolutionary Biology.
  19. (2007). "Hydatellaceae identified as a new branch near the base of the angiosperm phylogenetic tree". Nature.
  20. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]].

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