Byczyna
title: "Byczyna" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-in-silesia", "cities-and-towns-in-opole-voivodeship", "kluczbork-county", "sites-of-soviet-world-war-ii-crimes-in-poland", "sites-of-massacres-of-poles-in-world-war-ii"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byczyna" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Byczyna |
| image_skyline | Byczyna from the Tower (5).jpg |
| image_flag | POL Byczyna flag.svg |
| image_shield | POL Byczyna COA.svg |
| pushpin_map | Poland |
| subdivision_type | Country |
| subdivision_name | |
| subdivision_type1 | Voivodeship |
| subdivision_name1 | Opole |
| subdivision_type2 | County |
| subdivision_name2 | Kluczbork |
| subdivision_type3 | Gmina |
| subdivision_name3 | Byczyna |
| established_title | First mentioned |
| established_date | 1054 |
| established_title2 | Town rights |
| established_date2 | before 1268 |
| leader_title | Mayor |
| leader_name | Iwona Sobania |
| area_total_km2 | 5.79 |
| population_as_of | 31 December 2021 |
| population_total | 3582 |
| population_density_km2 | auto |
| timezone | CET |
| utc_offset | +1 |
| timezone_DST | CEST |
| utc_offset_DST | +2 |
| coordinates | |
| elevation_m | 197 |
| postal_code_type | Postal code |
| postal_code | 46-220 |
| area_code | +48 77 |
| blank_name | Car plates |
| blank_info | OKL |
| website | http://www.byczyna.pl |
| :: |
| name = Byczyna | image_skyline = Byczyna from the Tower (5).jpg | image_flag = POL Byczyna flag.svg | image_shield = POL Byczyna COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Opole | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Kluczbork | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Byczyna | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1054 | established_title2 = Town rights | established_date2 = before 1268 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Iwona Sobania | area_total_km2 = 5.79 | population_as_of = 31 December 2021 | population_total = 3582 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = | elevation_m = 197 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 46-220 | area_code = +48 77 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = OKL | website = http://www.byczyna.pl Byczyna (Latin: Bicina, Bicinium; ) is a town in Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in southern Poland, with 3,490 inhabitants as of December 2021.
Etymology
The name comes from the Old Polish word byczyna, which means a place for breeding and grazing bulls.
History
The town of Byczyna was first mention in 1054 when it temporarily served as the capital of the Bishopric of Wrocław. It was part of Poland and during its fragmentation period it was part of the duchies of Silesia, Głogów and Namysłów, before it was again under direct rule of Polish King Casimir III the Great from 1341 to 1348. In 1356 it passed to the Czech Crown Lands, and it soon returned under the rule of local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty, as part of the duchies of Świdnica, Opole, Brzeg, Oleśnica, again Brzeg, Opole and finally Legnica until 1675. located near Poland. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Zamoyski_pod_Byczyna_2.jpg" caption="[[Jan Zamoyski]] at the [[Battle of Byczyna]] in 1588, painting by [[Jan Matejko"] ::
The Battle of Byczyna took place nearby between Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, who was elected as king of Poland, and Sigismund III Vasa who also was elected as king, on January 24, 1588. Maximilian was defeated. He surrendered and went to imprisonment. The German author Gustav Freytag reports in his memories about yearly border violations at Byczyna. During the Thirty Years' War the town was occupied by the Saxons in 1633 and Swedes in 1646. In the 16th century, a Polish school was established, which flourished in the 17th century, and from 1657 to 1661 its rector was Byczyna-born Polish scholar and translator John Herbinius.
After the Prussian annexation in 1742, Byczyna, under the Germanized name Pitschen, entered a period of Germanisation, and the local school slowly diminished. after their capture of the town on 18 January 1945. After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, Byczyna was reintegrated with Poland. Soon the Polish railway and post were organized as the first post-war Polish institutions in the town.
Notable people
- , medieval Polish writer, author or co-author of the 14th-century Polish chronicle Chronica principum Poloniae
- Eliasz Kreczmar (von Löven), physician and astronomer, married Maria Cunitz
- Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), astronomer, died at Pitschem
- Jan Herbinius (1627–1679), Polish scholar and translator
- Adam Quasius (1673–1736), theologian and Deacon at St. Elisabeth Church in Wrocław
- Piotr Steinkeller (1799–1854), industrialist, "Polish King of Zinc", exploited local ore deposits
- Jan Dzierżon (1811–1906), pioneering Polish apiarist, attended school in Byczyna
- Martin Kutta (1867–1944), mathematician
Twin towns – sister cities
See twin towns of Gmina Byczyna.
Gallery
File:Byczyna, Brama Polska, XV-XVI.JPG|Medieval town walls with the Eastern (or "Polish") Tower File:SM Byczyna Baszta Niemiecka 2018 (1).jpg|Western (or "German") Tower File:Byczyna Ratusz.jpg|Byczyna Town Hall File:Kościół par. p.w. Św. Trójcy w Byczynie.JPG|Baroque Holy Trinity church File:EvangelicChurch ByczynaPOL.jpg|The
References
References
- "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland.
- "Historia".
- Krzysztofik, Robert. (2007). "Lokacje miejskie na obszarze Polski. Dokumentacja geograficzno-historyczna". Wydawnictwo [[Uniwersytet Śląski.
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=XgO4AAAAIAAJ&dq=Pitschen&pg=PA84 Gustav Freytag in his Memories mentions border violations against Pitschen farmers]
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