Bruce County

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title: "Bruce County" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["bruce-county", "counties-in-ontario", "southwestern-ontario", "states-and-territories-established-in-1867", "1867-establishments-in-ontario"] topic_path: "general/bruce-county" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_County" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
name
official_nameCounty of Bruce
native_name
settlement_typeCounty (upper-tier)
image_skylineKincardine Harbour (22270860002).jpg
image_captionMarina in Kincardine
image_blank_emblemBruceCountyONicon.png
blank_emblem_typeIcon
motto"In Deo Imperium Sed Populus Administrat"(Latin for "Administration by the People, but under the authority of God")
image_map
map_caption1
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameCanada
subdivision_type1Province
subdivision_name1Ontario
subdivision_name2
established_title
established_date
seat_typeCounty seat
seatWalkerton
parts_typeSubdivisions
parts_style
parts
leader_titleWarden
leader_nameLuke Charbonneau
leader_title1Chief Administrative Officer
leader_name1Christine MacDonald
total_type
area_footnotes
area_land_km24,076.22
area_water_percent
elevation_footnotes
elevation_min_m
population_total73,396
population_as_of2021
population_footnotes
population_density_km218.0
postal_code_type
timezoneEST
utc_offset-5
timezone_DSTEDT
utc_offset_DST-4
coor_type
blank_nameGNBC Code
blank_infoFEQQX
blank1_namePrimary Highways
blank1_info21, 9, and 6
website
::

| name = Bruce County | official_name = County of Bruce | native_name = | other_name = | settlement_type = County (upper-tier) | image_skyline = Kincardine Harbour (22270860002).jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = Marina in Kincardine | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = BruceCountyONicon.png | blank_emblem_type = Icon | blank_emblem_size = | nickname = | motto = "In Deo Imperium Sed Populus Administrat"(Latin for "Administration by the People, but under the authority of God") | image_map = Map of Ontario BRUCE.svg | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Canada | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name1 = Ontario | subdivision_name2 = | established_title = | established_date = | seat_type = County seat | seat = Walkerton | parts_type = Subdivisions | parts_style = Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-- | parts = | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = Warden | leader_name = Luke Charbonneau | leader_title1 = Chief Administrative Officer | leader_name1 = Christine MacDonald | total_type = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = 4,076.22 | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_min_m = | population_total = 73,396 | population_as_of = 2021 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 18.0 | population_note = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | elevation_max_m = | timezone = EST | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | coor_type = | blank_name = GNBC Code | blank_info = FEQQX | blank1_name = Primary Highways | blank1_info = 21, 9, and 6 | website = | footnotes =

Bruce County is a county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It has eight lower-tier municipalities with a total 2021 population of 73,396. It is named for James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin and 12th Earl of Kincardine, the sixth Governor General of the Province of Canada. The Bruce name is also linked to the Bruce Trail and the Bruce Peninsula.

The county has three distinct areas. The Bruce Peninsula is part of the Niagara Escarpment and is known for its views, rock formations, cliffs, and hiking trails. The Lakeshore includes nearly 100 km of fresh water and soft sandy beaches. Finally, the Interior Region has a strong history in farming.

History

Cessions of First Nations lands

The territory of the County arose from various surrenders of First Nations lands.

The bulk of the land arose from the Queen's Bush, as a result of the 1836 Saugeen Tract Agreement. That was followed by the cession of the Indian Strip in 1851 for a road between Owen Sound and Southampton that was never constructed. Friction between the Chippewas arising out of that led to significant delay in later negotiations.

The Saugeen Surrenders of 1854, known as "Treaty 72," transferred the remainder of the Bruce Peninsula to the Crown and reserved the following lands:

::data[format=table] | Reserved for || Tract || Later disposition | |---| | Saugeen Indians | | Chief's Point | | Owen Sound Indians | | Cape Croker | | Colpoy's Bay Indians | ::

Municipal history

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/1857_Colton_Map_of_Ontario,Canada-Geographicus-_CanadaWest-colton-1857.jpg" caption="[[Canada West]] in 1857. Bruce County is marked in light green."] ::

Huron County was organized in the Huron District in 1845, and the District itself, which had been continued for judicial purposes, was abolished in early 1850. Legislation passed later in the same session of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada provided instead for it to be reconstituted as the United Counties of Huron, Perth and Bruce, with the territory of the Bruce Peninsula (referred to as the "Indian Reserve") to ne withdrawn and annexed to Waterloo County. Bruce County consisted of the following townships:

  • Huron
  • Kinloss
  • Curloss
  • Carrick
  • Kincardine
  • Greenock
  • Brant
  • Bruce
  • Saugeen
  • Elderslie
  • Arran

The Indian Reserve (being the part not otherwise transferred to Grey County) was later withdrawn from Waterloo and transferred to Bruce in 1851. The County of Perth was given its own Provisional Municipal Council at that time, and was separated from the United Counties in 1853.

In 1849, the Huron District Council initially united the area of the county with the United Townships of Wawanosh and Ashfield as a single municipality, which lasted until 1851, when Wawanosh and Ashfield were withdrawn. The area then became known as the "United Townships in the County of Bruce," which lasted until its division into municipalities in 1854.

The Bruce Peninsula was later surveyed into townships, starting with Amabel and Albemarle in 1855, Eastnor in 1862, followed by Lindsay in 1870 and St. Edmunds in 1871.

The following villages and towns would be constituted over the years:

::data[format=table title="Bruce County urban municipalities (with date of incorporation)"] | Villages || Towns | |---| | | ::

Formation of separate county council (1857{{en dash}}1867)

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Townships_of_Bruce_County,_Ontario,_1880.jpg" caption="Townships of Bruce County, Ontario, 1880"] ::

A Provisional Municipal Council was established for Bruce County at the beginning of 1857, Walkerton was initially proclaimed as the county seat, in preference to Kincardine, but local opposition forced the proclamation to be deferred until each town and village had presented a case for its selection. A subsequent proclamation confirmed Walkerton's selection.

In 1863, the provisional council promoted a bill in the Legislative Assembly to divide the county into the counties of Bruce and Wallace, with Kincardine and Southampton once more proposed as the respective county towns, but it went only as far as thé second reading and did not proceed further.

The provisional council later asked for legislation to provide for a referendum as to whether Walkerton, Paisley, Kincardine, or another place would be the most acceptable choice. The referendum was held in September 1864, and Paisley received a plurality of the votes. In early 1865, the provisional council asked for legislation to confirm the result but changed its mind later in the year in favour of Walkerton. Confirming legislation was passed in 1866 to provide for the dissolution of the United Counties on January 1, 1867, with Huron and Bruce becoming separate counties for all purposes.

Indigenous lands

Two First Nations are included within the Bruce census division, but their lands are separate from the county administration:

::data[format=table]

Saugeen First NationChippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
Saugeen and Cape Croker Fishing Islands 1
::

Land disputes

There have been disputes relating to cottage owners leasing properties on First Nations lands in the county. At Hope Bay, the occupiers of 68 cottages saw their leases revoked in 2007, resulting in a lawsuit that was only settled in 2018, leading to the resulting demolition of the cottages. in the Saugeen and Chief's Point reserves, there are four blocks of land encompassing 1,200 cottages that had been subject to ten-year lease agreements, on which a new five-year agreement came into effect in May 2021.

Litigation is underway, in which the Saugeen Ojibway First Nation is claiming the following:

  1. Compensation resulting from the Crown breaching its fiduciary trust to protect and preserve the territory of the Saugeen Ojibway Nation;
  2. Aboriginal title over the water territory around the Bruce Peninsula, from the international boundary with the United States in Lake Huron across to Georgian Bay; and
  3. A declaration that their harvesting (i.e., hunting and fishing) rights within their traditional territory were not extinguished by Treaty 72 of 1854.

In July 2021, the Ontario Superior Court dismissed the first two claims, but upheld the third. It deferred the question of liability with respect to municipal defendants for a subsequent hearing. An appeal has been filed with respect to the dismissals. Settlements on municipal liability have since been reached with Bruce County and Saugeen Shores.

The Saugeen First Nation is pursuing separate litigation relating to the determination of the actual reserve boundary. Treaty 72 had originally provided for the following reservation of land:

|text=...for the benefit of the Saugeen Indians we reserve all that block of land bounded on the west by a straight line running due north from the River Saugeen, at the spot where it is entered by a ravine, immediately to the west of the village [of Saugeen], and over which a bridge has recently been constructed, to the shore of Lake Huron; on the south by the aforesaid northern limit of the lately surrendered strip; on the east by a line drawn from a spot upon the coast at a distance of about (9½) nine miles and a half from the western boundary aforesaid, and running parallel thereto until it touches the aforementioned northern limits of the recently surrendered strip; and we wish it to be clearly understood that we wish the Peninsula at the mouth of the Saugeen River to the west of the western boundary aforesaid to be laid out in town park lots and sold for our benefit without delay; and we also wish it to be understood that our surrender includes that parcel of land which is in continuation of the strip recently surrendered to the Saugeen River.}}

A dispute has arisen because the original survey of Amabel Township appears to be at variance with the treaty's specifications, with the eastern limit being drawn at 8 miles from the western limit, instead of the 9½ stated. The matter had been partially resolved some years earlier, with certain lands running from Sauble Beach down to Southampton reverting to the reserve. However, another part of the public beach in Sauble Beach, approximately 2 km in length, is still in dispute. The matter has been in protracted litigation, with separate claims being filed in 1990 by the federal government and in 1995 by the First Nation. An attempted settlement, arising from mediation overseen by the former Supreme Court of Canada justice Ian Binnie, collapsed in 2014. The case hearing began in November 2021. In the meantime, some friction has occurred between the First Nation and local authorities over maintenance work being undertaken on the local dunes.

The southern portion of Sauble Beach, known as Sauble Park, is within the limits of the reserve. As of 2018, beach parking is no longer available there, in line with what is already the case at Wasaga Beach and Grand Bend.

In April 2023, the Ontario Superior Court ruled that the entire portion of the fish landing ground fronting on Lake Huron that was reserved from surrender in Treaty 72, being the substantial part of Sauble Beach, continues to be part of the Saugeen reserve, and no third parties have an interest in any part of it. A proposal to allow a life interest to the private landowners being displaced is currently under consideration by the court. The Town of South Bruce Peninsula subsequently announced that it would take the case to the Ontario Court of Appeal.

Demographics

As a census division in the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Bruce County had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of 4076.22 km2, it had a population density of in 2021. |location = Bruce |2021_population=73,396 | 2021_pop_delta=+7.7 | 2021_land_area=4,076.22 | 2021_pop_density=18 |2021_median_age=48.0 | 2021_median_age_m=46.4 | 2021_median_age_f=49.2 |2021_total_pvt_dwell=42,592 |2021_occ_pvt_dwell=31,112 |2021_mean_hh_income=87,000 |2021_geocode=2021A00033541 | 2021_access_date=2023-10-19 |2016_population= 68,147| 2016_pop_delta= 3.1| 2016_land_area= 4,090.20| 2016_pop_density=16.7 |2016_median_age= 48.5| 2016_median_age_m= 47.2| 2016_median_age_f=49.5 |2016_total_pvt_dwell= 41,183|2016_mean_hh_income= 71,193| 2016_access_date=2021-07-04 |2011_population= 66,102|2011_pop_delta= 1.2|2011_land_area= 4,087.76|2011_pop_density=16.2 |2011_median_age= 47.0|2011_median_age_m= 46.3|2011_median_age_f=47.6 |2011_total_pvt_dwell= 40,033|2011_mean_hh_income= |2011_access_date=2021-07-04 |2006_population= 65,349| 2006_pop_delta= 2.3| 2006_land_area= 4,079.17| 2006_pop_density=16.1 |2006_median_age= 45.1| 2006_median_age_m= 44.5| 2006_median_age_f= 45.7 |2006_total_pvt_dwell= 38,432|2006_mean_hh_income= 54,403| 2006_access_date=2021-07-04 |notes=

|title = Historical census populations – Bruce County |type = Canada |align = none |cols = 2 |footnote = |source = Statistics Canada |1871| |1881| |1891| |1901| |1911| |1921| |1931| |1941| |1951| |1961| |1971|-- |1976|57472 |1981|60020 |1986|58848 |1991|65268 |1996|65680 |2001|63892 |2006|65349 |2011|66102 |2016|68147 |2021|73396

Municipalities

| width=250| height=450 | coord = | zoom = 8 | caption = Map of Bruce County, on the Lake Huron shoreline of Ontario, Canada, identifying major features and population centres. | minimap=file | mini-file = Ontario Locator Map.svg | mini-width = 79 | mini-height = 77 | minipog-x = 53| minipog-y = 54 | scalemark = 170 | map-data-light=Q634034,Q3492590,Q3492087,Q3492582,Q4795858,Q2925918,Q5946832,Q4859524 | mark-coord = | label=Tobermory| label-pos=bottom| mark-size=0| label-size=12|label-color=#887777|mark-title=Tobermory, Ontario | label1=Cove Island| mark-coord1=|label-color1=#887777|label-size1=11| mark-size1=0| label-pos1=right| mark-title1=Cove Island, Ontario | mark-coord3= | label3=L a k e H u r o n| label-size3=12|label-angle3=70|label-pos3=bottom| label-color3=#77A1CB|mark-title3=none | mark-coord4= | label4=G e o r g i a n B a y| label-size4=12|label-angle4=30|label-pos4=top| label-color4=#77A1CB|mark-title4=none | mark-coord5= | label5=Bruce Peninsula|labela5=National Park | label-pos5=bottom| label-size5=11| label-color5=#81AF81| mark-title5=Bruce Peninsula National Park | mark-coord6= | label6=N O R T H E R N | labela6=B R U C E P E N I N S U L A | label-size6=11|label-pos6=bottom|label-angle6=60|mark-title6= Municipality of Northern Bruce Peninsula | mark-coord7= | label7=Fathom Five|labela7=Marine Park | label-size7=10| label-pos7=top|label-color7=#77A1CB|mark-title7=Fathom Five National Marine Park | mark-coord8= | label8=Inverhuron |labela8=Provincial Park | label-size8=10| label-pos8=bottom| label-color8=#81AF81|mark-title8=Inverhuron Provincial Park | mark-coord9= | label9=MacGregor Point |labela9=Provincial Park| label-size9=10| label-pos9=left|label-color9=#81AF81| mark-title9= MacGregor Point Provincial Park | mark-coord10= | label10=Sauble Falls |labela10=Provincial Park| label-size10=10| label-pos10=top|label-color10=#81AF81| mark-title10= Sauble Falls Provincial Park | mark-coord11= | label11=Black Creek|labela11=Provincial Park| label-size11=10| label-pos11=left|label-color11=#81AF81| mark-title11= Black Creek Provincial Park | label12=Walkerton| mark-coord12=| label-pos12=left| mark-size12=6| label-size12=13|label-color12=#443333|mark-title12=Walkerton | label14=Lion's |labela14=Head| mark-coord14=| label-pos14=right| mark-size14=0| label-size14=12| mark-title14=Lion's Head, Ontario | label15= S A U G E E N| labela15=S H O R E S|mark-coord15=| label-pos15=top| mark-size15=0| label-size15=9| label-color15=#BBAAAA| mark-title15=Town of Saugeen Shores |label16=K I N C A R D I N E| mark-coord16=| label-pos16=top| mark-size16=0| label-size16=9| label-color16=#BBAAAA| mark-title16=Municipality of Kincardine |label17=B R O C K T O N| mark-coord17=| label-pos17=right| mark-size17=0| label-size17=9| label-color17=#BBAAAA| mark-title17=Municipality of Brockton |label18=S O U T H B R U C E|labela18=P E N I N S U L A| mark-coord18=| label-pos18=top| mark-size18=0| label-size18=9| label-color18=#BBAAAA| mark-title18=Town of South Bruce Peninsula |label19=H U R O N -|labela19=K I N L O S S| mark-coord19=| label-pos19=right| mark-size19=0| label-size19=9| label-color19=#BBAAAA|mark-title19=Township of Huron-Kinloss |label20=A R R A N -|labela20=E L D E R S L I E| mark-coord20=| label-pos20=top| mark-size20=0| label-size20=9| label-color20=#BBAAAA| mark-title20=Municipality of Arran-Elderslie |label21= S O U T H| labela21=B R U C E| mark-coord21=| label-pos21=top| mark-size21=0| label-size21=9| label-color21=#BBAAAA| mark-title21=Municipality of South Bruce

Bruce County comprises eight municipalities (in population order):

::data[format=table] | Municipality || 2016 Population || Population Centres | |---| | Town of Saugeen Shores | | Municipality of Kincardine | | Municipality of Brockton | | Town of South Bruce Peninsula | | Township of Huron-Kinloss | | Municipality of Arran-Elderslie | | Municipality of South Bruce | | Municipality of Northern Bruce Peninsula | ::

The County of Bruce is governed by a council consisting of a warden and mayors of the area municipalities. County council meetings are held in the Bruce County Administration building, in Walkerton.

Notes

References

References

  1. (9 February 2022). "Bruce, County (CTY) Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". Government of Canada - Statistics Canada.
  3. (October 6, 2016). "FEQQX". Natural Resources Canada.
  4. Surtees, R.. (1984). "Indian Land Surrenders in Ontario, 1763{{en dash}}1867". Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.
  5. Marsh, Edith L.. (1931). "A History of the County of Grey". Fleming.
  6. (1905). "Indian treaties and surrenders, from 1680 to 1890". King's Printer.
  7. Marsh, p. 210
  8. {{Cite canlaw. (8 Vic.)
  9. {{Cite canlaw. (1849)
  10. {{Cite canlaw. (1849)
  11. {{Cite canlaw. (1851)
  12. S.Prov.C. 1849, c. 96, s. 3
  13. {{Cite canlaw. (1852)
  14. Robertson, Norman. (1906). "The History of the County of Bruce". William Briggs.
  15. {{Cite canlaw. (1856)
  16. {{Cite canlaw. (1856)
  17. Bill 292, 2nd Session, [[7th Parliament of the Province of Canada. 7th Parliament]] (1863)
  18. {{Cite canlaw. (1864)
  19. . (December 1, 1866). ["Proclamation"](http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/canada-gazette/093/001060-119.01-e.php?document_id_nbr=3144&image_id_nbr=64831&f=p&PHPSESSID=utr99i9dn2j212jgdfadq6ihn7). *[[Canada Gazette]]*.
  20. Grant, Kelly. (August 16, 2008). "Let us back into our cottages". [[The Globe and Mail]].
  21. Dunn, Scott. (August 29, 2018). "Hope Bay cottage demolition closes bitter chapter". [[Owen Sound Sun-Times]].
  22. Lindsay, Sancy. (February 22, 2021). "New five-year Saugeen land-lease agreement to take effect May 1st". Saugeen Times.
  23. Humphreys, Adrian. (April 25, 2019). "First Nation sues for title to massive, scenic swath of Ontario and $90B as landmark trial starts". [[National Post]].
  24. Langlois, Denis. (July 30, 2021). "SON to discuss next steps following title, treaty claim decisions". [[Owen Sound Sun-Times]].
  25. {{cite CanLII. (2021). (2021-07-29)
  26. Dunn, Scott. (September 24, 2021). "SON settles with Saugeen Shores but appeals peninsula claims decision". [[Owen Sound Sun-Times]].
  27. . (December 9, 2021). ["Settlement reached between SON, Bruce County on peninsula claim"](https://www.owensoundsuntimes.com/news/local-news/settlement-reached-between-son-bruce-county-on-peninsula-claim). *[[Owen Sound Sun-Times]]*.
  28. Gray, Jeff. (August 30, 2015). "Divisive conflict at Sauble Beach is older than Canada itself". [[The Globe and Mail]].
  29. Urquhart, Scot. (July 23, 2016). "Sauble Beach is changing but it is still a place for family". [[Hamilton Spectator]].
  30. Johnson, Rhiannon. (August 7, 2019). "Saugeen First Nation seeks court ruling on century-old boundary dispute in Sauble Beach". [[CBC News]].
  31. Dunn, Scott. (January 20, 2022). "It's on to final arguments in Saugeen's claim to beach". [[Owen Sound Sun-Times]].
  32. Miller, Scott. (December 8, 2020). "Sauble Beach, Ont.'s dune dispute reaches boiling point". CTV News.
  33. "Sauble Park". [[Saugeen First Nation]].
  34. Bell, Adam. (May 9, 2019). "Parking changes this summer at Sauble Beach". BlackburnNews.com.
  35. {{cite CanLII. (2023). (2023-04-03)
  36. 2023 ONSC 2056, at par. 697
  37. Cowan, Greg. (April 18, 2023). "South Bruce Peninsula intends to appeal Sauble decision". [[Owen Sound Sun-Times]].
  38. (April 26, 2023). "Notice of Appeal". [[South Bruce Peninsula]].
  39. "Bruce County Maps".
  40. [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=&Code1=&Geo2=&Code2=&GEOCODE=35 Statistics Canada, Census Profile, 2016 Census: Ontario: Census subdivisions (municipalities)]
  41. [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/search-recherche/lst/results-resultats.cfm?Lang=E&TABID=1&G=1&Geo1=&Code1=&Geo2=&Code2=&GEOCODE=35 Statistics Canada, Census Profile, 2016 Census: Ontario: Population centres]

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bruce-countycounties-in-ontariosouthwestern-ontariostates-and-territories-established-in-18671867-establishments-in-ontario