Broumov

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title: "Broumov" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-the-hradec-králové-region", "populated-places-in-náchod-district"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broumov" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameBroumov
settlement_typeTown
image_skylineBroumov, rynek.jpg
image_captionMírové Square with Marian Column
image_flagFlag of Broumov.svg
image_shieldBroumov znak.svg
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1Region
subdivision_name1Hradec Králové
subdivision_type2District
subdivision_name2Náchod
pushpin_mapCzech Republic
pushpin_relief1
pushpin_map_captionLocation in the Czech Republic
coordinates
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameArnold Vodochodský
established_titleFirst mentioned
established_date1256
area_total_km222.28
elevation_m395
population_as_of2025-01-01
population_footnotes
population_total7108
population_density_km2auto
timezone1CET
utc_offset1+1
timezone1_DSTCEST
utc_offset1_DST+2
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code550 01
website
::

| name = Broumov | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | image_skyline = Broumov, rynek.jpg | image_caption = Mírové Square with Marian Column | image_flag = Flag of Broumov.svg | image_shield = Broumov znak.svg | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Hradec Králové | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Náchod | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Czech Republic | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic | coordinates = | coordinates_footnotes = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Arnold Vodochodský | established_title = First mentioned | established_date = 1256 | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 22.28 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 395 | population_as_of = 2025-01-01 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 7108 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = CET | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = CEST | utc_offset1_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 550 01 | area_code_type = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = Broumov (; ) is a town in Náchod District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,100 inhabitants. There are three important historic buildings, protected as national cultural monuments: the Benedictine monastery, the Church of the Virgin Mary and the Church of Saint Wenceslaus. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone.

Administrative division

Broumov consists of eight municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):

  • Broumov (2,072)
  • Benešov (106)
  • Kolonie 5. května (213)
  • Nové Město (1,631)
  • Olivětín (1,018)
  • Poříčí (405)
  • Rožmitál (162)
  • Velká Ves (1,267)

Etymology

The name is derived from the old Czech personal name Brum (also written as Brúm, Brun, Brún).

Geography

Broumov is located about 22 km northeast of Náchod and 19 km south of the Polish city of Wałbrzych. The municipal territory shortly borders Poland in the north. It lies in the Broumov Highlands. The highest point is the hill Bobří vrch at 740 m above sea level. The Ścinawka River flows through the town. The territory lies entirely in the Broumovsko Protected Landscape Area.

Climate

Broumov's climate is classified as humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb; Trewartha: Dclo). Among them, the annual average temperature is 7.8 C, the hottest month in July is 17.8 C, and the coldest month is -1.6 C in January. The annual precipitation is 638.1 mm, of which July is the wettest with 92.6 mm, while February is the driest with only 33.7 mm. The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from -31.8 C on 27 January 1954 to 35.9 C on 28 July 2013.

|location = Broumov, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1902–present |metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan record high C = 15.5 |Feb record high C = 17.7 |Mar record high C = 22.0 |Apr record high C = 28.5 |May record high C = 31.7 |Jun record high C = 34.4 |Jul record high C = 35.9 |Aug record high C = 35.5 |Sep record high C = 33.9 |Oct record high C = 26.1 |Nov record high C = 19.7 |Dec record high C = 15.0 |year record high C = 35.9 |Jan high C = 1.4 |Feb high C = 3.1 |Mar high C = 7.7 |Apr high C = 13.9 |May high C = 18.6 |Jun high C = 21.9 |Jul high C = 24.4 |Aug high C = 24.2 |Sep high C = 18.8 |Oct high C = 12.7 |Nov high C = 6.6 |Dec high C = 2.3 |year high C = 13.0 |Jan mean C = -1.6 |Feb mean C = -0.7 |Mar mean C = 2.5 |Apr mean C = 7.4 |May mean C = 12.3 |Jun mean C = 15.9 |Jul mean C = 17.8 |Aug mean C = 16.9 |Sep mean C = 12.3 |Oct mean C = 7.5 |Nov mean C = 3.3 |Dec mean C = -0.4 |year mean C = 7.8 |Jan low C = -4.9 |Feb low C = -4.5 |Mar low C = -2.0 |Apr low C = 1.2 |May low C = 5.6 |Jun low C = 9.4 |Jul low C = 11.2 |Aug low C = 10.5 |Sep low C = 6.8 |Oct low C = 3.2 |Nov low C = 0.0 |Dec low C = -3.3 |year low C = 2.8 |Jan record low C = -31.8 |Feb record low C = -29.6 |Mar record low C = -25.2 |Apr record low C = -15.0 |May record low C = -5.2 |Jun record low C = -1.9 |Jul record low C = 1.3 |Aug record low C = 0.7 |Sep record low C = -5.1 |Oct record low C = -8.8 |Nov record low C = -20.3 |Dec record low C = -30.2 |year record low C = -31.8 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 39.7 |Feb precipitation mm = 33.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 42.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 35.3 |May precipitation mm = 64.3 |Jun precipitation mm = 74.9 |Jul precipitation mm = 92.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 72.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 55.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 45.5 |Nov precipitation mm = 37.6 |Dec precipitation mm = 43.6 |year precipitation mm = 638.1 |Jan snow cm = 16.9 |Feb snow cm = 18.4 |Mar snow cm = 9.8 |Apr snow cm = 1.7 |May snow cm = 0.0 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 0.3 |Nov snow cm = 6.7 |Dec snow cm = 15.2 |year snow cm = 68.9 |humidity colour = green |Jan humidity = 84.8 |Feb humidity = 82.1 |Mar humidity = 79.0 |Apr humidity = 73.3 |May humidity = 73.6 |Jun humidity = 75.0 |Jul humidity = 75.0 |Aug humidity = 76.9 |Sep humidity = 81.6 |Oct humidity = 84.2 |Nov humidity = 86.9 |Dec humidity = 86.8 |year humidity = 79.9 |Jan sun = 37.0 |Feb sun = 63.6 |Mar sun = 122.4 |Apr sun = 183.3 |May sun = 201.9 |Jun sun = 202.2 |Jul sun = 215.4 |Aug sun = 207.8 |Sep sun = 151.8 |Oct sun = 95.7 |Nov sun = 44.1 |Dec sun = 32.5 |year sun = 1557.8 |source 1 = Czech Hydrometeorological Institute}}

History

13h–14th centuries

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Ratusz_w_Broumoie.jpg" caption="Town hall"] ::

In 1213, King Ottokar I had granted the remote area around today's Broumov and Police nad Metují to the Benedictine monks of Břevnov Monastery in Prague, who began to colonize the lands. The wooden Church of the Virgin Mary already stood here. Broumov was probably founded in 1255. Broumov was first mentioned in 1256 and already referred to as a market village. It was a centre of trade, crafts and administration of the abbatial estates. In 1275, the drapers in Broumov received from King Ottokar II the privilege of producing and selling cloth, and the production soon began to be exported. This laid the foundation for the textile industry in the region.

Many fires broke out and destroyed the original buildings except for the Church of the Virgin Mary and damaged the local castle. In 1305 and following years, the castle was largely rebuilt and extended by one of the abbots into a fortified monastery complex with an abbey and Church of Saint Adalbert. The town became the administrative centre of the abbey's manors. In 1348, it received privileges by King Charles IV similar to royal towns. From 1357 to 1380, the town walls were built.

15th–18th centuries

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Broumov,panorama(2).jpg" caption="Eastern part of the town"] ::

The Broumov Monastery remained strongly tied to Břevnov Monastery, from where the monks fled during the Hussite Wars in 1420 to Broumov. The town was besieged by Hussites, but never conquered. However, it suffered losses and had to invest heavily in strengthening the walls. During the 15th century, Broumov was affected by war conflicts over the Bohemian throne. In the 16th century, the cloth production flourished and until the Thirty Years' War, the town was known as one of the biggest Bohemian producers and exporters of this article. Thanks to the wealth, it was possible to carry out renaissance repairs and build stone houses after the great fire in 1549.

It was incorporated into the Habsburg monarchy in 1526. During the Thirty Years' War, the town was damaged and looted several times. Thanks to good work of abbots between 1663 and 1738, the town recovered and reached economic prosperity. Broumov again suffered in the Silesian Wars from 1740 onwards, when troops of the Prussian Army plundered it and upon the 1742 Treaty of Breslau, the adjacent lands of Silesia and Kłodzko were cut off by the newly established Austro-Prussian border. The wars stopped most of the cloth manufactury.

19th–20th centuries

With Bohemia, the town became part of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and Austria-Hungary in 1867. From 1868 it was the administrative seat of Braunau District, one of 94 districts in the Austrian Kingdom of Bohemia. After the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, more than 400 citizens emigrated to Latin America, especially to Chile, where the village of Nueva Braunau was established near Puerto Varas in 1875.

During the first half of the 19th century, the built-up area of the town stretched outside the town walls. In the late 19th century, the industrialization started and new factories were established. Textile factories have become the mainstay of the economy.

In 1871–1874, more than 400 inhabitants of Broumov emigrated to Latin America and founded the village of Nueva Braunau in Chile in 1875.

Upon World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, Broumov with its predominantly German population became part of the new state of Czechoslovakia according to the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain. After the Munich Agreement, Broumov was occupied by Nazi Germany in October 1938 and incorporated into Reichsgau Sudetenland.

Pursuant to the Beneš decrees, the German-speaking population was expelled, including the monastery's monks, who re-established the Braunau in Rohr Abbey in Bavaria. The Broumov Monastery was finally abolished in 1950; after the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the premises were returned to the Benedictines.

Demographics

|align=none|cols=3 |1869|5701 |1880|7592 |1890|9063 |1900|10555 |1910|11846 |1921|10268 |1930|10931 |1950|6713 |1961|7680 |1970|7814 |1980|7834 |1991|8076 |2001|8361 |2011|7615 |2021|6874 |source=Censuses}}

Economy

The tradition of the textile industry continues to this day. The main employers in the town are the textile company Veba and its subsidiary Vebatrade-Plus.

Transport

Broumov is the starting point of the railway line Broumov–Starkoč via Náchod.

Sights

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Broumov_(17).jpg" caption="Broumov monastery"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Broumov1(js).jpg" caption="Wooden Church of the Virgin Mary"] ::

Broumov has preserved historical centre similar to Silesian towns with a large rectangular market square with two parallel main streets running from both sides of the square and converging at both gates located on the opposite sides of the town.

The Benedictine Monastery of Saint Wenceslaus from the early 14th century was rebuilt in Baroque style to plans by Christoph Dientzenhofer, continued by his son, Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer in 1728–1738. Today the monastery houses the regional museum. The monastery garden is also accessible. The Church of Saint Adalbert in the monastery complex dates from 1357 and was baroque rebuilt in 1684–1694.

Besides the monastery church, there are four other significant churches in the town. The rarest is the wooden Church of the Virgin Mary, which is a national cultural monument. or 1459 after it was burnt down by the Hussites, and repaired in 1779. It is one of the oldest wooden sacral buildings in central Europe. The church is exceptional not only for its age, but also for its construction technique. It does not contain any nails and is formed by half-timbered structure made of massive oak beams. It includes a gallery with Renaissance and Empire tombstones.

The Church of Saint Wenceslaus was built in 1728–1729 according to the design made by K. I. Dientzenhofer. It replaced an old wooden Protestant church, abolished in 1618. The church it the third building in the town protected as a national cultural monument.

The Church of Saint Peter and Paul was first mentioned in 1258. The church was replaced by a stone building in the 14th century and it rebuilt in Baroque style in 1679–1680. The tower was added in 1682.

The Church of the Holy Spirit was first mentioned in the 14th century. The originally wooden church was replaced in 1689 by the current stone building.

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Broumov is twinned with:

  • GER Forchheim, Germany (patronage for the town's expellees since 1955)
  • POL Nowa Ruda, Poland

References

References

  1. (2025-05-16). "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025". [[Czech Statistical Office]].
  2. (2022). "Public Census 2021 – basic data". [[Czech Statistical Office]].
  3. Profous, Antonín. (1947). "Místní jména v Čechách I: A–H".
  4. "Teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé kalendářní dny". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  5. "Průměrná teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  6. "Úhrn srážek v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  7. "Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  8. "Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  9. "Délka slunečního svitu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky". Czech Hydrometeorological Institute.
  10. "Historie města". Město Broumov.
  11. (2016-06-25). "Broumov si dnes připomíná výročí 760 let od první písemné zmínky. Přijďte to s námi oslavit na Mírové náměstí". Město Broumov.
  12. "Broumov Home Page". Město Broumov.
  13. Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
  14. (2011-09-03). "Město Broumov je i v Jižní Americe". [[Czech Television]].
  15. (2011-09-03). "Město Broumov je i v Jižní Americe". [[Czech Television]].
  16. (2016-07-07). "Broumovský klášter znovu ožil, díky Unii i místním podnikatelům". Lidovky.cz.
  17. (2015-12-21). "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011". [[Czech Statistical Office]].
  18. (2021-03-27). "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". [[Czech Statistical Office]].
  19. "Registr ekonomických subjektů". Czech Statistical Office.
  20. "Detail stanice Broumov". [[České dráhy]].
  21. "Town Monuments". Město Broumov.
  22. "Hřbitovní kostelík Panny Marie". Broumov Monastery.
  23. "Partnerská města". Město Broumov.
  24. "Broumov (Braunau), Tschechische Republik". Forchheim.

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cities-and-towns-in-the-hradec-králové-regionpopulated-places-in-náchod-district