Brody

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City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine

title: "Brody" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["brody", "cities-in-lviv-oblast", "cities-of-district-significance-in-ukraine", "magdeburg-rights", "holocaust-locations-in-ukraine", "former-border-crossings", "historic-jewish-communities-in-ukraine"] description: "City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brody" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
name
native_nameБроди
native_name_lang
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineЗолота098.jpg
image_captionA building in central Brody
image_flagFlag of Brody.svg
image_shieldCoat of Arms of Brody.svg
pushpin_mapUkraine Lviv Oblast#Ukraine
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1Oblast
subdivision_name1Lviv Oblast
subdivision_type2Raion
subdivision_name2Zolochiv Raion
subdivision_type3Hromada
subdivision_name3Brody urban hromada
established_titleEstablished
established_date1084
established_title2Town rights
established_date21584
unit_prefMetric
area_urban_footnotes
area_rural_footnotes
area_metro_footnotes
area_magnitude
area_blank2_title
area_total_km28.67
area_blank2_km2
population_total23134
population_as_of2022
population_density_km2auto
website
::

| name = Brody | native_name = Броди | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Золота098.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = A building in central Brody | image_flag = Flag of Brody.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Coat of Arms of Brody.svg | shield_alt = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Ukraine Lviv Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = | latN = | longE = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Oblast | subdivision_name1 = Lviv Oblast | subdivision_type2 = Raion | subdivision_name2 = Zolochiv Raion | subdivision_type3 = Hromada | subdivision_name3 = Brody urban hromada | established_title = Established | established_date = 1084 | established_title2 = Town rights | established_date2 = 1584 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = | leader_name = | unit_pref = Metric tags --| area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_total_km2 = 8.67 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 23134 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = | utc_offset1 = | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code_type = | area_code = | iso_code = | website = | footnotes = Brody (, ; ; ; ) is a city in Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the valley of the upper Styr River, approximately 90 km northeast of the oblast capital, Lviv. Brody hosts the administration of Brody urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population:

Brody is the junction of the Druzhba and Odesa–Brody oil pipelines.

History

The first mention of a settlement on the site of Brody is dated 1084 (Instructions by Vladimir Monomach). It is believed to have been destroyed by Batu Khan in 1241.

Polish Kingdom

From 1441 Brody was the property of different feudal families (Jan Sieniński; from 1511, Kamieniecki).

Brody was granted Magdeburg town rights by Polish King Stephen Báthory by virtue of a privilege issued in Lublin on 22 August 1584. It was named Lubicz after the Lubicz coat of arms of the founder, Stanisław Żółkiewski, one of the most accomplished military commanders in Polish history (not to be confused with Lubech, Lubecz). The king also set up three annual fairs. Already in documents from 1598 the city appeared under the name Brody. It was a private town of the Polish Crown, owned by houses of Żółkiewski, Koniecpolski and Potocki. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Фрагмент_карти_України_Гійома_де_Боплана_1648_року.png" caption="Brody on a Polish map from 1648"] ::

From the 17th century until the Holocaust the city was populated not only by Ruthenians and Poles, but also by a significant number of Jews (70% of the town's population), Armenians, and Greeks. From 1629, the city became the property of Stanisław Koniecpolski, another of the most distinguished military commanders in Polish history, who ordered the construction of the Brody Castle (1630–1635). The castle, or rather the fortress, was designed by the French military engineer Guillaume Le Vasseur de Beauplan. It was one of the strongest fortresses located on the route of frequent Tatar and Cossack invasions. Under the patronage of Koniecpolski, the city flourished. In 1637 he founded a school in which he employed lecturers from the Kraków Academy, Poland's leading university. Its first director was Jan Marcinkowski. In 1643 he founded a silk and wool fabric manufacture in the city, one of the leading manufactories of this type throughout Poland. Stanisław Koniecpolski died in Brody on 11 March 1646. On 30 June funeral ceremonies took place in Brody. ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/BrodyPalacPotockich.JPG" caption="The deteriorating Potocki Palace today"] ::

In 1648, during the Cossack uprising, the castle took eight weeks for Bohdan Khmelnytsky to capture. Notably, according to the book History of the Rus, the town's Jewish population was spared after the sack. The Cossacks destroyed and plundered the city. The Jews of Brody were found not to have been engaged in alleged maltreatment of the Orthodox Christian (Rus) population and were only required to pay a "moderate tribute" in kind.

In 1704, Brody was purchased by Potocki family. In 1734, the fortress was destroyed by Russian troops and was later replaced by Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki's palace in the Baroque style.

Austrian Empire

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Райківка_Броди.jpg" caption="19th-century view of Brody"] ::

As a result of the First Partition of Poland, in 1772, Brody became a part of the Habsburg Empire (from 1804 the Austrian Empire). During the Austro-Polish War (part of Polish national liberation fights), on 27 May 1809, the city was captured by Poles without a fight. In 1812, Wincenty Potocki was forced by the Austrian government to remove the city's fortifications. In 1817 a secondary school (Realschule) was founded in Brody, transformed in 1865 into a gymnasium. After the liberalization of Austrian policies in the Austrian Partition of Poland, after 1904 German was gradually replaced by Polish at this school.

Polish Republic

In 1919, Brody became part of the Second Polish Republic,

World War II

After the Soviet invasion of Poland, during World War II, in September 1939, Brody was occupied by the Red Army. The Soviets deported mainly Polish people deep into the USSR. Between 26 and 30 June 1941, a tank battle was fought nearby between the German Panzer Group 1 and five Soviet mechanized corps with heavy losses on both sides. From 1941 to 1944 it was occupied by Germany. The local Jews were murdered in the Holocaust (see below). During July–August 1944, Brody and nearby areas saw the battles of the strategically important Lvov-Sandomierz Operation (a.k.a. Brodovkiy Kotel) where the Soviet army successfully encircled and destroyed German forces. It was occupied by the Soviets again, and in 1945, it was taken from Poland and annexed to the USSR. Brody held the headquarters of German Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt.

The Jews in Brody

Main article: History of the Jews in Brody

::data[format=table]

Yeartotal pop.JewsShare
186918,70015,13880.9%
188020,00015,31676.3%
1890n. a.n. a.n. a.
190016,40011,85472.1%
191018,00012,15067.5%
::

A crossroads and a Jewish trade center in the 19th century, the city is considered to be one of the shtetls. It was particularly famous for the Brodersänger or Broder singers, who were among the first to publicly perform Yiddish songs outside of Purim plays and wedding parties.

The promulgation of the May Laws, and the massive exodus of Russian Jews which was its result, took the leaders of Western Jewry completely by surprise. Throughout 1881, hundreds of immigrants kept arriving in Brody daily. Their arrival placed the existing Austrian and German-influenced ethnic Jews in a quandary. The comfortable middle-class Jewish community of Central and Western Europe looked instinctively to the Alliance Israélite Universelle, the world's largest and most respected Jewish philanthropic agency, to bring order out of chaos, to cope with the huge influx of newcomers.

Throughout centuries of Jewish life in Brody until the murderous events of the Holocaust, Jews and Gentiles lived a mostly segregated life, with distinct and separate social as well as religious life.

Holocaust in Brody

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Brody_Jews_awaiting_deportation,_ca._1943.jpg" caption="Jews in Brody detained by German Nazis and awaiting deportation, ca. 1942–1943"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Cemetery_Brody_02.jpg" caption="Jewish tombstones at New Jewish Cemetery in Brody. The Cemetery numbers ca. 20,000 burials"] ::

When German troops occupied the city on 1 July 1941, the Jewish population of some 9,000 was forced to wear an arm band with the yellow badge. Two hundred fifty intellectuals were arrested on 15 July 1941 and shot two days later at the Jewish cemetery after being brutally tortured. Encouraged by German occupation authorities, the Ukrainian population started a pogrom in August 1941, looting Jewish possessions. The Judenrat had to provide labor for repairs and maintenance on the roads and bridges as well as for work in army depots. From December 1941 young people were arrested on the streets and sent to forced labor camps in the vicinity.

In September 1942 the Aktion Reinhardt started in Brody, leaving 300 people dead. Two thousand people were deported to Bełżec where they would be murdered in the gas chambers. In December 1942 the German occupiers forced the Jewish population to resettle in a ghetto inside the town, where 6,000 people lived in January 1943. During 1943, Aktion Reinhardt was continued with thousands being killed in the nearby woods in March and April, the Ghetto being liquidated on 21 May 1943. More than 3,000 inhabitants were deported, presumably to Majdanek, but hundreds had already been killed in the Ghetto. Many houses were set on fire to drive out those who had remained hidden there.

After the war

During the Cold War, Brody air base served Soviet Air Force regiments, while the city was noticeably militarized. Parts of the city to this day are being referred to as Bili Kazarmy (the White Barracks) and as Chervoni Kazarmy (the Red Barracks).

The Brody Museum of History and District Ethnography was founded in 2001.

Until 18 July 2020, Brody was the administrative center of Brody Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions in Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Brody Raion was merged into Zolochiv Raion.

Geography

Climate

|location = Brody (1981–2010) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan high C = 0.3 |Feb high C = 1.6 |Mar high C = 6.5 |Apr high C = 14.4 |May high C = 20.5 |Jun high C = 23.0 |Jul high C = 24.9 |Aug high C = 24.5 |Sep high C = 19.0 |Oct high C = 13.4 |Nov high C = 6.3 |Dec high C = 1.5 |year high C = 13.0 |Jan mean C = -2.5 |Feb mean C = -2.0 |Mar mean C = 2.1 |Apr mean C = 8.5 |May mean C = 14.3 |Jun mean C = 17.1 |Jul mean C = 18.8 |Aug mean C = 18.1 |Sep mean C = 13.3 |Oct mean C = 8.5 |Nov mean C = 2.9 |Dec mean C = -1.4 |year mean C = 8.1 |Jan low C = -5.9 |Feb low C = -5.4 |Mar low C = -1.8 |Apr low C = 3.1 |May low C = 8.3 |Jun low C = 11.4 |Jul low C = 13.1 |Aug low C = 12.4 |Sep low C = 8.4 |Oct low C = 4.3 |Nov low C = -0.2 |Dec low C = -4.4 |year low C = 3.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 32.8 |Feb precipitation mm = 39.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 39.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 46.6 |May precipitation mm = 75.5 |Jun precipitation mm = 90.2 |Jul precipitation mm = 104.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 70.0 |Sep precipitation mm = 67.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 45.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 41.1 |Dec precipitation mm = 42.0 |year precipitation mm = 695.0 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 9.2 |Feb precipitation days = 10.2 |Mar precipitation days = 9.5 |Apr precipitation days = 8.5 |May precipitation days = 10.7 |Jun precipitation days = 11.8 |Jul precipitation days = 10.7 |Aug precipitation days = 8.7 |Sep precipitation days = 8.8 |Oct precipitation days = 8.3 |Nov precipitation days = 9.6 |Dec precipitation days = 10.7 |year precipitation days = 116.7 |Jan humidity = 80.9 |Feb humidity = 80.9 |Mar humidity = 76.7 |Apr humidity = 69.4 |May humidity = 69.4 |Jun humidity = 72.8 |Jul humidity = 74.2 |Aug humidity = 74.8 |Sep humidity = 78.7 |Oct humidity = 79.2 |Nov humidity = 82.7 |Dec humidity = 83.5 |year humidity = 76.9 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organization{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210717143555/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20%282%29.xls | archive-date = 17 July 2021 | url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Ukraine/12.6.%20WMO_Normals_Excel_Template%20(2).xls | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010 | publisher = World Meteorological Organization | access-date = 17 July 2021}}

Gallery

Броди - майдан Свободи, 3.jpg|Administration building, former branch of the Prague Credit Bank before WWI Бродівська синагога 01.jpg|The old synagogue (ruins) of Brody Brody 089.jpg|Clock tower at the market square Замок 1.JPG|Brody Castle 4 Kotsiubynskoho Street, Brody (02).jpg|Pedagogical College Brodypalase.jpg|Tyszkiewicz Palace Броди. Церква Св.Юрія.jpg|Saint George church in Brody Церква Різдва Пресвятої Богородиці , загальний вигляд, Броди.jpg|Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary Церква Воздвиження Чесного Животворящого Хреста у Бродах.jpg|Exaltation of the Holy Cross church Церква Пресвятої Трійці (Броди).jpg|Church of the Holy Trinity Brody Gimnazium 02.jpg|Brody Gymnasium

Notable people

Nearby towns

References

Notes

Sources

  • Howard M. Sachar, The Course of modern Jewish history. Vintage Books (a division of Random House) Chapter 15
  • Kuzmany, Börries, Brody: A Galician Border City in the Long Nineteenth Century (Brill, Leiden/Boston 2017). The German version is open access: Kuzmany, Börries: Brody. Eine galizische Grenzstadt im langen 19. Jahrhundert (Böhlau, Vienna/Cologne/Weimar 2011). (PDF; 16,9 MB)
  • Hamann, David. David Hamann: Ein Billett von Brody über Berlin nach New York: Organisierte Solidarität deutscher Juden für osteuropäische jüdische Transmigrantinnen 1881/82 (= Europäisch-jüdische Studien Bd. 67)* (Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2023).

References

  2. "Бродовская городская громада". Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  3. [[Sadok Barącz]], ''Wolne miasto handlowe Brody'', Lwów, 1865, p. 7 (in Polish)
  4. ''Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich'', Tom I, Warsaw, 1880, p. 372 (in Polish)
  5. These privileges were confirmed by King [[Sigismund III Vasa]] in 1597 at the [[Warsaw]] [[Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Sejm]].Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 9-10
  6. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 10
  7. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 11
  8. King [[Władysław IV Vasa]], wanting to reward and assist Koniecpolski in the construction of the fortress, issued a privilege in 1633 in [[Kraków]], in which he equated fairs in Brody with those in [[Lublin]] and [[Toruń]], granted [[staple right]] and exempted city residents from taxes for 15 years.Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 17-18
  9. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 21-22
  10. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 22
  11. "Brody".
  12. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 17
  13. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 27-28
  14. Barącz, ''[[Op. cit.]]'', p. 28-29
  15. "Chapter 4, p. 80.". [[History of the Rus]].
  16. ''Nowości Illustrowane'', no. 5, 1904, p. 6 (in Polish)
  17. Zygmunt Zagórowski, ''Spis nauczycieli szkół wyższych, średnich, zawodowych, seminarjów nauczycielskich oraz wykaz zakładów naukowych i władz szkolnych. Rocznik II'', Książnica-Atlas, Warsaw-Lwów, 1926, p. 167 (in Polish)
  18. Ergebnisse der Volkszählungen der K. K. Statistischen Central-Kommission u.a., in: Anson Rabinbach: ''The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna''. Austrian History Yearbook, Volume XI, Berghahn Books/Rice University Press, Houston 1975, S. 46/47 (Table III)
  19. Howard M. Sachar
  20. (2020-07-18). "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.".
  21. "Нові райони: карти + склад". Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  22. "Archives Search - Library and Archives Canada".

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brodycities-in-lviv-oblastcities-of-district-significance-in-ukrainemagdeburg-rightsholocaust-locations-in-ukraineformer-border-crossingshistoric-jewish-communities-in-ukraine