Bima language
Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia
title: "Bima language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["languages-of-indonesia", "central-malayo-polynesian-languages", "sumbawa"] description: "Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bima_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Bima |
| altname | Bimanese |
| nativename | Nggahi Mbojo |
| pronunciation | |
| image | [[File:Shukla Bima (Mbojo).svg |
| imagecaption | Mbojo Script (Aksara Mbojo) in Bima (Mbojo script variant) |
| ethnicity | Bimanese, Dompu |
| states | Indonesia |
| region | Sumbawa |
| speakers | 500,000 |
| date | 1989 |
| ref | e18 |
| familycolor | Austronesian |
| fam2 | Malayo-Polynesian |
| fam3 | (Central) |
| fam4 | Eastern Lesser Sunda languages |
| script | Latin alphabet (Bimanese Latin alphabet) |
| Lontara script (Mbojo variant) | |
| dia1 | Bima |
| dia2 | Dompu |
| dia3 | Donggo |
| dia4 | Kolo |
| dia5 | Mbojo |
| dia6 | Sangar (Sanggar) |
| dia7 | Toloweri |
| iso3 | bhp |
| glotto | bima1247 |
| glottorefname | Bima |
| map | Bima language distribution.svg |
| agency | Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa |
| :: |
| name = Bima | altname = Bimanese | nativename = Nggahi Mbojo | pronunciation = | image = [[File:Shukla Bima (Mbojo).svg|300px]] | imagecaption = Mbojo Script (Aksara Mbojo) in Bima (Mbojo script variant) | ethnicity = Bimanese, Dompu | states = Indonesia | region = Sumbawa | speakers = 500,000 | date = 1989 | ref = e18 | familycolor = Austronesian | fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian | fam3 = (Central) | fam4 = Eastern Lesser Sunda languages | script = Latin alphabet (Bimanese Latin alphabet) Lontara script (Mbojo variant) | dia1 = Bima | dia2 = Dompu | dia3 = Donggo | dia4 = Kolo | dia5 = Mbojo | dia6 = Sangar (Sanggar) | dia7 = Toloweri | iso3 = bhp | glotto = bima1247 | glottorefname = Bima |map = Bima language distribution.svg |mapcaption = | agency = Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Bima (endonym: Nggahi Mbojo ), or Bimanese, is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia by the Bimanese people, which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the , where the extinct Papuan language, Tambora, was once spoken. Bima is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is Mbojo and the language is referred to as Nggahi Mbojo. There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.
Classification
Long thought to be closely related to the languages of Sumba Island to the southeast, this assumption has been refuted by Blust (2008), which makes Bima a primary branch within the Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian subgroup.
Distribution
The Bimanese language is mostly spoken in the eastern part of the island of Sumbawa in Indonesia, including Bima Regency, Dompu Regency, and Bima City. It also spoken in the islands of Banta, Sangeang Api, and Komodo. In Sumbawa Regency, this language is spoken in the districts of Empang, Plampang, Lape, Lopok, and Taliwang. The speakers can also be found in western part of Flores, particularly in the districts of Sambi Rampas (Pota village) and Reo.
Dialects
According to Ethnologue, dialects of the language include Bima, Dompu, Donggo, Kolo, Mbojo, Sangar (Sanggar), and Toloweri.
Donggo, spoken in mountainous regions to the west of Bima Bay, such as in Soromandi and in the east, especially in Donggo, is closely related to the main dialect of Bimanese. It is spoken by about 25,000 people who were formerly primarily Christians and animists; many have converted to Islam, mostly as a result of intermarriages.
Phonology
Consonants
::data[format=table title="Consonant phonemes"] | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | Nasal | Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | voiced | prenasal vl. | prenasal vd. | implosive | Fricative | Lateral | Trill | Approximant | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ::
Vowels
::data[format=table title="Vowel phonemes"]
| Front | Central | Back | Close | Mid | Open |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :: |
Vowels can have shortened allophones as .
References
References
- Just, P.. (2001). "Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society". Rowman & Littlefield.
- Prichard, J. C.. (1874). "Researches into the Physical History of Mankind". Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper.
- Blust, R.. (2008). "Is There a Bima-Sumba Subgroup?". Oceanic Linguistics.
- Ethnologue
- Malingi, Alan. (2 January 2016). "Pako Tana Selalu Dinanti". Romantika Bima: Bima Dalam Tiga Dimensi Waktu.
- "Bahasa Bima (Mbojo)". [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia).
- Just, P.. (2001). "Dou Donggo Justice: Conflict and Morality in an Indonesian Society". Rowman & Littlefield.
- (1996). "Fonologi Bahasa Bima".
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