Beed

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title: "Beed" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["cities-and-towns-in-beed-district", "talukas-in-maharashtra", "cities-in-maharashtra"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beed" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameBeed
native_nameBīḍ
native_name_langmr
settlement_typeCity
image_skylineKankaleshwar Temple Beed.jpg
imagesize200px
image_altKankaleshwar Temple
mapframeyes
mapframe-zoom6
mapframe-pointnone
map_altBeed is in the Center part of India, in the northwest of Maharashtra State.
map_captionBeed in Maharashtra
pushpin_mapIndia
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameIndia
subdivision_type1State
subdivision_name1Flag of Maharashtra.svg Maharashtra
subdivision_type2District
subdivision_name2Beed District
subdivision_type3Division
subdivision_name3Beed District
established_titleChampavati Nagar
established_dateAD
founderRani Champavati
government_footnotesBeed
government_typeMunicipal Council
governing_bodyBeed Municipal Council
leader_partyNationalist Congress Party
leader_titlePresident
leader_namePremlata Parwe
leader_title1Vice-President
leader_name1Vinod Rohidas Muluk
leader_title3Chief Executive Officer
leader_name3Utkarsh Gutte
unit_prefMetric
area_urban_footnotes
area_rural_footnotes
area_metro_footnotes
area_blank2_title
area_total_km245
area_blank2_km2
area_total_ha4500
elevation_m515
population_as_of2011
population_total146709
population_density_km2auto
population_demonymBeedkar
timezone1IST
utc_offset1+5:30
postal_code_typePIN
postal_code431 122
area_code_typeTelephone code
area_code02442
area_codes
blank2_name_sec1Child sex ratio
blank2_info_sec1843 ♀/♂
blank3_name_sec1Literacy
blank3_info_sec188.56%
blank4_name_sec1Male literacy
blank4_info_sec194.01%
blank5_name_sec1Female literacy
blank5_info_sec182.81%
blank2_name_sec2Precipitation
blank2_info_sec2666 mm
blank3_name_sec2Avg. summer temperature
blank3_info_sec240 °C
blank4_name_sec2Avg. winter temperature
blank4_info_sec215 °C
blank6_name_sec1Official language
blank6_info_sec1Marathi
website
::

::callout[type=note] the municipality in Maharashtra, India ::

| name = Beed | native_name = Bīḍ | native_name_lang = mr | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = Kankaleshwar Temple Beed.jpg | imagesize = 200px | image_alt = Kankaleshwar Temple | image_caption = | image_flag = | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 6 | mapframe-point = none | map_alt = Beed is in the Center part of India, in the northwest of Maharashtra State. | map_caption = Beed in Maharashtra | pushpin_map = India | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = India | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Flag of Maharashtra.svg Maharashtra | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Beed District | subdivision_type3 = Division | subdivision_name3 = Beed District | established_title = Champavati Nagar | established_date = AD | founder = Rani Champavati | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = Beed | government_type = Municipal Council | governing_body = Beed Municipal Council | leader_party = Nationalist Congress Party | leader_title = President | leader_name = Premlata Parwe | leader_title1 = Vice-President | leader_name1 = Vinod Rohidas Muluk | leader_title3 = Chief Executive Officer | leader_name3 = Utkarsh Gutte | unit_pref = Metric tags --| area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_total_km2 = 45 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_total_ha = 4500 | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 515 | population_footnotes = | population_as_of = 2011 | population_total = 146709 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = Beedkar | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 431 122 | area_code_type = Telephone code | area_code = 02442 | area_codes = | iso_code = | module = | footnotes = | blank2_name_sec1 = Child sex ratio | blank2_info_sec1 = 843 ♀/♂ | blank3_name_sec1 = Literacy | blank3_info_sec1 = 88.56% | blank4_name_sec1 = Male literacy | blank4_info_sec1 = 94.01% | blank5_name_sec1 = Female literacy | blank5_info_sec1 = 82.81% | blank2_name_sec2 = Precipitation | blank2_info_sec2 = 666 mm | blank3_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature | blank3_info_sec2 = 40 °C | blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature | blank4_info_sec2 = 15 °C | blank6_name_sec1 = Official language | blank6_info_sec1 = Marathi | website = Beed (Marathi pronunciation: [biːɖ]) is a city and headquarters of eponymous Beed district of Maharashtra state in India.{{Cite web |publisher = citypopulation.de |title = Maharashtra India |url= http://www.citypopulation.de/India-Maharashtra.html |access-date=23 October 2014

History

Main article: History of Beed

Beed is a historical city of possibly medieval origin. Its early history is obscure. Historians speculate, based on archaeological remains, that the city might have been founded by the Yadava rulers (1173–1317) of Devagiri (Daulatabad). Beed was later governed by the Nizams during the period of British India. The Annexation of Hyderabad Operation Polo, the code name of the Hyderabad "Police Action", was a military operation in September 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam, annexing the state into India. Beed remained in annexed Hyderabad state until 1956 when it was included in Bombay Presidency. On 1 May 1960 Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis, and Marathi- & Muslim-dominated Beed district became part of Maharashtra.{{Cite web |publisher = beed.nic.in |title = New Page 4 |url = http://beed.nic.in/htmldocs/socioeco.htm |access-date = 4 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928012021/http://beed.nic.in/htmldocs/socioeco.htm |archive-date = 28 September 2007 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all

Foundation and name

The early history of Beed is unknown and there are contradictions in the historical accounts concerning its foundation and early history. According to legend, Beed was an inhabited place in the period of Pandavas and Kurus as Durgavati. Its name was subsequently changed to Balni. Champavati, who was sister of Vikramaditya, after captured and renamed it as Champavatinagar. After that the city fell to Chalukya, Rashtrkuta and Yadava dynasties before falling to Muslim rule. However, some scholars say that it was possibly founded by the Yadava rulers of Devagiri (Daulatabad).

Tārīkh-e-Bīr (history of Beed) mentions that Muhammad bin Tughluq named it Bir (Arabic بئر meaning 'well') after building a fort and several wells in and around the city. Ground water was abundant in the city and when wells were built, water was found just several feet down.{{Cite book | title = Tārīkh e Bīr (History of Beed) | author = Quazi M. Q. Bīri | publisher = Quazi M. Q. Bīri | year = 1898 | language = ur | page= 90 The first tradition seems to be untrue, because with no angle, the entire district can be called a 'hole'. Only the north eastern part of the district is at lower heights and a vast area of 10,615 km2 can not be called a 'hole' just because of slight depression. Furthermore, Bil (बील hole) in Marathi is spoken for a deep and narrow hole and not for a slight depression.

The second tradition though have some distortion, appears to be true and in accord with Tārīkh-e-Bīr of Quazi Muhammad Qutubullah (1898). The word 'Yavana' in early Indian literature meant a Greek or any foreigner. At a much later date it was frequently applied to the Muslim invaders of India.{{Cite book | title = Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD | publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica Inc | chapter = Yavana | year = 2007

In mythology

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Katba_on_Babuzzafar.jpg" caption="A plaque in Persian (فارسى) on Bab-uz-zafar (Kotwali gate) states the re-construction of eastern protection wall by Amir Nawaz Jang in 1835."] ::

According to legend, when Ravana, demon king of Lanka (Sri Lanka), abducted Sita (wife of Hindu deity Rama) and was taking her to Lanka, Jatayu (eagle) tried to stop him. Ravana cut its wings and wounded Jatayu fell on the ground. When Rama reached there in search of his beloved wife, Jatayu told him the whole story and died. The place where he died is said to be in Beed city and Jatashankar temple is standing at the place, which is; according to scholars, possibly built by Yadavas of Devagiri. However, Jatashankar temples are abundant in other parts of India with same narrations. Another legend also narrates that Beed was called Durgavati in the period of Pandavas and Kurus who fought a legendary war of Mahabharata.

Early history

Early history of the Beed is obscure until it became part of Tughluq empire. If the city was founded in Yadava era then possibly it happened in king Singhana's (1210–47) period, when Yadava dynasty was at its height. Singhana may have built Kankaleshwar temple with a small surrounding city. Beed came under Muslim rule for the first time in 1317 when Qutb-ud-Din Mubarak Shah (1316–20), the last Khalji, captured Devagiri and Yadava dynasty was ended. Beed remained under Khaljis until 1320 when Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq (1320–25) took over. In 1327 Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325–51) made Daulatabad his capital. Firishta narrates that Tughluq and his army camped near Bīr city in 1341 (AH 742 Islamic calendar) while on the journey back to Daulatabad from Warangal. The emperor lost one of his teeth here, which he ordered to be buried with much ceremony and a tomb was constructed at the place.{{Cite book | title = History of The Rise of The Mahomedan Power in India | publisher = Longman, London | author = Firishta, Muhammad Qasim | year = 1829 | no-pp = true | page= Volume I, Page 424 | others = John Briggs (translation from original persian text) In 1347 Beed came under Bahmani rule when Hasan Gangu (1347–58), founder of Bahmani Sultanate, rebelled against Tughluq rule and ascended throne of Daulatabad as Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah. Muhammad Tughluq acted vigorously and came to Deccan to subdue the rebels. He recaptured the province of Daulatabad, of which, Beed was a part. Hasan Gangu and other insurgents fled to Bidar and Gulbarga through Beed. Before the matter is fully settled a rebel broke in Gujarat and the sultan approached to Gujarat appointing Imad-ul-Mulk as governor in Deccan. Meanwhile, Hasan Gangu attacked Daulatabad and marched towards Beed and captured it. After that the city remained under Bahmanid rule and is said to be flourished under Firuz Shah Bahmani's (1397–1422) rule. During the reign of Humayun Shah Bahmani (1451–61), famous as Zālim (cruel), his brother Hasan Shah rebelled and came to Beed. A Jagirdar (feudatory) of Beed, Habibullah Shah was his supporter. Humayun Shah sent an army and after a fierce fighting in the grounds of Kankaleshwar temple, the rebellion armies defeated Humayun's army. Humayun became furious and sent another force to defeat the rebels. This time rebels were defeated, Habibullah Shah was killed and captured Hasan Shah was taken to the capital and was put before a hungry lion.

1600 to 1858

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Inside_of_Jama_Masjid_Beed.jpg" caption="Inside of the Jama Masjid جامع مسجد (Grand Mosque) of Beed. One of the largest Masjids in Beed, this magnificent structure is built completely in stone and has ten domes. All the domes of Masjid are unique in design and does not match with each other."] ::

After the decline of Bahmani Sultanate, the city fell to Nizam Shahi rulers of Ahmadnagar. Several wars were fought in Beed between Nizam Shahi and Adil Shahi rulers of Bijapur to take the control of Beed. In 1598 Mughals captured Beed from Chand Bibi of Ahmadnagar. A year later Nihang Khan retook it but soon it fell again to Mughals. Mughal army camped here for some time. During the reign of Jahangir (1569–1627), Jan Sipar Khan was administering Beed city. He constructed Jama Masjid of Beed in 1036 AH (1627).

Aurangzeb (1658–1707), appointed Haji Sadar Shah in Beed as Naib-e-Subadar (assistant of governor). Sadar Shah did some good changes and constructions in the city. He built Eid Gah (place of Eid prayer) in 1702 and a new habitation on the heights in the eastern part as Ghazi Pura (now Islam Pura) in 1703. The remains of it are still visible. He also constructed a citadel (1703) inside the old fort which was worn out after standing for several hundred years, from Tughluq period. A stone plate in Persian script at the main entry of Jama Masjid sets the year of construction of citadel by Haji Sadar Shah in the year 1115 AH (1703). In his period economy of the city also flourished. Chhagal (water container made from leather), Gupti (hidden sword in wooden stick) etc. made in Beed were popular in the region.

Beed was quite a beautiful city during Bahmanis and Mughals. Tārīkh-e-Bīr mentions many gardens and amenities of these periods. Until the 1960s there were two well maintained gardens in the city. In 1724 Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah founded Asaf Jahi kingdom, seizing Deccan against the rule of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah (1719–48). In Nizams' era no major addition or construction was done to the citadel because the old building was serving the purpose and the citadels were losing importance with the advent of modern fighting techniques.

Maratha ruler of Gwalior, Mahadji Scindia (1761–94) was missing after a severe injury and defeat in the third war of Panipat in 1761. His wife, who is said to be from Beed, went to a Muslim Sufi of Beed Mansur Shah and told him to prey for the return of Mahadji. When Mahadji returned to Gwalior, he called the Sufi to Gwalior but he refused and sent his son Habib Shah instead. Mahadji remained thankful to Mansur Shah for all his life. His tomb is in eastern Beed which was built by Scindias.

Reign of sixth Nizam Mir Mahbub Ali Khan (1869–1911) proved eventful in the history of Beed. Rebels, great famine and floods happened in his reign. Jagirdars were replaced by collectors (Awwal Taluqdars) in his father's reign and Jivanji Ratanji came as the first collector of Beed in 1865. Districts were created and Beed district was formally settled in 1883. He constructed one habitation and market Mahbub Gunj (now Hiralal Chowk) on the eastern bank of Bensura, remains of that can still be seen. After a very scarce rainfall in three successive years 1897–99, great famine occurred in Beed in 1900. Thousands of cattle and Hundreds of humans died of starvation and thousands migrated to the neighbouring parts of the country. The census in 1901 reported remarkable decrease of 150,464 in the population of Beed district. Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911–48) came after death of Mahbub Ali Khan as seventh and the last Nizam of Hyderabad State. His period was full of reforms in the government system, education and healthcare. Kotwalis, Police Stations, Schools, Hospitals and Dispensaries were built during his period. He established big libraries with the high schools in the state.

Nizams were allies of the British Empire in India. During the countrywide movement for independence, in 19th and 20th centuries they tried to suppress the feelings of nationalism which were spreading due to nationwide efforts of the freedom fighters. Nationalists in the state of Hyderabad did not like Nizam's friendship with the British Empire. Beed was the place in Marathwada region where freedom struggle first started in 1818.{{Cite book | title = Riyāsat e Hyderābād mein Jadd o Jahd e Āzādi 1800 – 1900 (Freedom struggle in the state of Hyderabad 1800 – 1900) | publisher = Bureau for Promotion of Urdu Language, Ministry of Human Resource Development, India. | author = Rizvi, S. M. Jawwād | year = 1992 | language = ur | page=79

In 1818 during the rule of Nizam Sikandar Jah (1803–29) first rebel broke out in Beed under the leadership of Dharmaji Pratap Rao. Nizam sent the Risala of Navab Murtaza Yar Jang under the command of British Lieutenant John Sutherland. The rebel leader and his brother were captured and a long run rebellion movement in Beed came to an end.

1858 to Present

Another rebellion broke in 1858 but all the rebels were captured. After this many small incidents of defiance happened against British rule but all were suppressed by force. A major rebel broke under the leadership of Baba Sahab alias Rao Sahab Deshpande in 1898. The important leaders of this movement were Brahmins of Beed and the Deshastha Brahmin officials in police and judiciary also supported the movement. . But after a short fight the rebels were captured and the movement came to an end. But the feelings of defiance could not be suppressed and different movements under the leadership of Swami Ramanand Teerth continued in Marathwada and the state. After independence, Mir Osman Ali Khan was reluctant to join India. Finally, on 12 September 1948 a military action Operation Polo was launched and the state was easily captured within six days as Nizam's army resisted little. Although Operation Polo caused relatively few casualties, the following communal carnage was all the more terrible. Beed was one of the eight worst hit districts in the state. After calm down, a team visited the town on behalf of Indian government and sent a report to the centre. According to official, Sundarlal Report, 27,000–40,000 Muslims were killed throughout the state. Horrible crimes of abduction and rape of Muslim women's & girls, loot, arson, desecration of masjids, forcible conversions and seizure of houses and lands were mentioned in the report.{{Cite web |publisher = Frontline |title = From the Sundarlal Report |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1805/18051140.htm |date= 3–16 March 2001 |access-date=7 March 2007 |publisher = Frontline |title = Of a massacre untold |author = Noorani, A. G. |url = http://www.flonnet.com/fl1805/18051130.htm |date = 3–16 March 2001 |access-date = 7 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051120022556/http://www.flonnet.com/fl1805/18051130.htm |archive-date = 20 November 2005 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all A plebiscite was held shortly after the military action in which the population voted overwhelmingly in favour of joining India. Many Muslims during and after 1948 migrated to Pakistan. The city has witnessed communal strife several times in modern India. In 1949 Bendsura Project was launched to provide drinking and irrigation water supply to the city and nearby villages. The project was completed in 1956. In 1952, Beed Nagar Pālika (Municipal Council) was established under the undivided Hyderabad State. In 1962, a year after the creation of Maharashtra State, Beed District Council (krushna temple) came into being after dissolving all the local bodies.

Beed district consists of 11 talukas (tehsils)

  1. Ambajogai
  2. Ashti
  3. Beed
  4. Dharur
  5. Georai
  6. Kaij
  7. Majalgaon
  8. Parli Vaijnath
  9. Patoda
  10. Wadwani
  11. Shirur Kasar

These talukas (tehsils) are administrative subdivisions that help manage the region's governance and services like healthcare, education, and infrastructure

Topography

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Kapildhara_in_Balaghat_range.jpg" caption="The Kapildhar fall in Balaghat range about 18 km south of Beed city."] ::

Location

Beed is situated on the Deccan Plateau, on the banks of the Bensura river (also called Bendsura or Bindusara). Bensura is a sub-tributary of Godavari river originating in the hills of Balaghat range, about 30 km south-west of Beed near the village of Waghira. The river divides the city into smaller eastern and larger western parts. Balaghat Range stretches very close, up to 10 km south of the city resulting in undulating terrain in the eastern part of the city. Soil is coarse and rocky largely consisting of basalt. Thin layers of fertile black soil are also seen in the northern part of the city. Bensura is a rapid and seasonal river. Bendsura Project (capacity 7.106 mm3) was constructed on the river in 1955 near the village Pāli, about 10 km south of the city.{{Cite web |publisher = maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra) |title = Gazetteers Department – Bhir |url=http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/agri_irrigations.html |access-date=27 February 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070224064133/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/agri_irrigations.html| archive-date= 24 February 2007 | url-status= live}} At some places in the city, the river is narrow and looks like a stream. The river has slop due to undulating terrain which contributes to violent floods when it rains heavy. Floods have repeatedly caused substantial loss of property and life in the history of the city, most recently on 23 July 1989 when a massive flooding of three habitations in the city caused a number of dead or missing and property losses of millions of rupees.{{Cite book | title = Zilla Bīr Kī Tārīkh (History of Beed District) | author = Nathapuri, Abdul Hamīd | publisher = Asian Printing Press, Gulshan Colony, Jogeshwari (W) Mumbai | year = 1998 | language = ur |publisher = Amateur Seismic Centre – Pune |title = Amateur Seismic Centre – Pune |url=http://www.asc-india.org/seismi/seis-maharashtra.htm |access-date=4 March 2007 Beed is 400 km from Mumbai.

Climate

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Bensura_river_in_Beed_city_of_Maharashtra.jpg" caption="The Bensura River(Bendsura). It is cleaned of debris and garbage before a monsoon to facilitate the flow of flooding water. Photographed in the monsoon season."] ::

The city has Semi-arid, hot and dry climate consisting mainly of three seasons. Summers are long, ranging almost five months from mid February to June. Temperatures in summer fall between 31 °C (87.8 °F) – 40 °C (104 °F) (1997 average). However, it may reach higher than 40 °C in searching summer. May is the hottest month of a year with an average day temperature of 42 °C (107.6 °F). Winters are short with temperatures ranging within 12 °C (53.6 °F) – 20 °C (68 °F). December is the coldest month in a year. Occasionally, temperature may fall as low as 3 °C (37.4 °F) or 4 °C (39.2 °F) due to northern cold waves. Relative humidity in winter is the lowest and December is the driest month in a year with the relative humidity as low as 30%. Rains are scarce and occur only during the Monsoon from mid June to September. Annual average rainfall is 66.6 cm (26.22 inches). The average rain fall has dropped 9.6 cm from the averages recorded during the 1900s. Average number of rainy days in a year is 41. September gets the maximum rainfall in a year while July has the maximum rainy days. Highest rainfall recorded in 24 hours (19.18 cm) occurred on 17 August 1887.{{Cite web |publisher = maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra) |title = Gazetteers Department – Bhir |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/gen_climate.html |access-date=27 February 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070224062806/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/gen_climate.html| archive-date= 24 February 2007 | url-status= live}} Climate of Beed can be compared with that of Pune city's climate. Beed receives low rainfall because it is located in rain shadow area.

| location = Beed (1991–2020, extremes 1960–2020) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 35.0 | Feb record high C = 38.4 | Mar record high C = 43.6 | Apr record high C = 44.6 | May record high C = 47.0 | Jun record high C = 44.3 | Jul record high C = 38.9 | Aug record high C = 38.8 | Sep record high C = 37.8 | Oct record high C = 37.7 | Nov record high C = 34.6 | Dec record high C = 34.0 | year record high C = 47.0 | Jan high C = 29.8 | Feb high C = 32.2 | Mar high C = 36.7 | Apr high C = 39.0 | May high C = 40.7 | Jun high C = 36.2 | Jul high C = 31.2 | Aug high C = 30.6 | Sep high C = 31.1 | Oct high C = 31.8 | Nov high C = 30.1 | Dec high C = 29.0 | year high C = 33.2 | Jan low C = 13.8 | Feb low C = 15.1 | Mar low C = 19.5 | Apr low C = 22.9 | May low C = 25.4 | Jun low C = 24.8 | Jul low C = 23.4 | Aug low C = 22.7 | Sep low C = 21.9 | Oct low C = 20.3 | Nov low C = 16.0 | Dec low C = 12.4 | year low C = 19.9 | Jan record low C = 4.0 | Feb record low C = 4.6 | Mar record low C = 9.4 | Apr record low C = 13.0 | May record low C = 16.5 | Jun record low C = 20.2 | Jul record low C = 19.8 | Aug record low C = 18.0 | Sep record low C = 15.7 | Oct record low C = 10.5 | Nov record low C = 5.0 | Dec record low C = 5.0 | year record low C = 4.0 | rain colour = green | Jan rain mm = 1.1 | Feb rain mm = 2.3 | Mar rain mm = 6.2 | Apr rain mm = 10.2 | May rain mm = 9.2 | Jun rain mm = 115.9 | Jul rain mm = 145.7 | Aug rain mm = 128.5 | Sep rain mm = 190.7 | Oct rain mm = 79.9 | Nov rain mm = 8.7 | Dec rain mm = 6.7 | year rain mm = 705.0 | Jan rain days = 0.1 | Feb rain days = 0.1 | Mar rain days = 0.5 | Apr rain days = 0.9 | May rain days = 0.9 | Jun rain days = 6.3 | Jul rain days = 8.5 | Aug rain days = 7.8 | Sep rain days = 9.7 | Oct rain days = 4.4 | Nov rain days = 0.7 | Dec rain days = 0.3 | year rain days = 40.2 |time day = 17:30 IST | Jan humidity = 38 | Feb humidity = 29 | Mar humidity = 24 | Apr humidity = 29 | May humidity = 25 | Jun humidity = 48 | Jul humidity = 65 | Aug humidity = 68 | Sep humidity = 64 | Oct humidity = 54 | Nov humidity = 50 | Dec humidity = 46 |year humidity = 45 |source 1 = India Meteorological Department{{cite web | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf | title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | access-date = April 8, 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf | title = Station: Bir (Beed) Climatological Table 1981–2010 | work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010 | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = January 2015 | pages = 153–154 | access-date = 3 April 2020}} | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | archive-date = 5 February 2020 | url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf | title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012) | publisher = India Meteorological Department | date = December 2016 | page = M139 | access-date = 3 April 2020}}

Demographics

At the time of the 2011 census, Beed Municipal Council has a population of 146,709. Males are 75,566 and females 71,143, for a sex ratio of 941 females per 1000 males. 13.60% of the population is under 6 years of age, and the child sex ratio is 854. Beed has a literacy rate of 89.34%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 9.51% and 0.90% of the population respectively.

Death rate is 3 which is lower than the national average of 8.2. Infant mortality rate is 71 per thousand live births which is much higher than the national average of 54.6 deaths for thousand live births. Maternal mortality rate however, is 1 which is extremely lower than the national average of 540.{{Cite web |publisher = Empower Poor.Com |title = Empower Poor.Com |url = http://www.empowerpoor.com/districtdetail.asp?district=46 |access-date = 20 April 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071018012251/http://www.empowerpoor.com/districtdetail.asp?district=46 |archive-date = 18 October 2007 |url-status = dead |df = dmy-all Beed district has got the lowest sex ratio in Maharashtra State. Beed has the lowest male-female sex ratio in the age group of 0–6 years (801 as against 1000 male children) as per the 2011 census. Maharashtra's sex ratio in the age group of 0–6 years is 883 girls as against 1000 boys.{{Cite web |publisher=IBN Live |title = Mah govt worried over skewed sex ratio in Beed; meet on May 20, IBN Live News |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/mah-govt-worried-over-skewed-sex-ratio-in-beed-meet-on-may-20/687466.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015105245/http://ibnlive.in.com/generalnewsfeed/news/mah-govt-worried-over-skewed-sex-ratio-in-beed-meet-on-may-20/687466.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2012 |access-date=18 May 2011

|title=Religions in Beed City (2011) |titlebar=#FCD116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=left |bars=

Even this small town is an evidence of India's religious and cultural diversity. 69.15 km2 of land is home for Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist, Jain, Christian and Sikh communities. A calculated Hindu population in the town comprises around 54%. 12,307 Hindus were living in the town in 1901, which was 69.64% of the then population. Moreover, Jain population was also considered as Hindu at that time. 4,993 Muslims were living in the town in 1901 which was 28.25% of the then population. Today Muslims are nearly 41% of the population in the city. Buddhists and Jains are small minorities.

|thumb = right |caption = Language in Beed City (2011) |label1 = Marathi |value1 = 52.35 |color1 = red |label2 = Urdu |value2 = 35.47 |color2 = green |label3 = Hindi |value3 = 7.80 |color3 = orange |label4 = Marwari |value4 = 2.32 |color4 = maroon |label5 = Other |value5 = 2.06 |color5 = grey

At the time of the 2011 census, 52.35% of the population spoke Marathi, 35.47% Urdu, 7.80% Hindi and 2.32% Marwari as their first language.

Culture

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Jatra_Khandeshwari.jpg" caption="''Jatra'' — night view of Khandeshwari jatra which is held during Dussehra each year."] ::

There are no public places in the city except cinema halls and a small, little maintained garden. Till few years back there were seven cinema halls, but now in 2018 only two are remaining; namely 'Asha' and 'Santoshimata'. Two parks were maintained until 1969 by the municipal council.

Economy

Beed has a growing economy with a rapid growth. In 1997, Sarma committee listed Beed as one of the 100 most rapid growing districts in India. After this listing the government of India and the government of Maharashtra specified Beed town as 'D' zone and declared tax holiday and concessions to lure the investors in the district.{{Cite web |publisher = Government of Maharashtra |title = www.mah.nic.in/beed_district/dicothe.html |url = http://www.mah.nic.in/beed_district/dicothe.html |access-date = 17 November 2007 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090414131617/http://www.mah.nic.in/beed_district/dicothe.html |archive-date = 14 April 2009 |df = dmy-all |title=District Domestic Product of Maharashtra 2011-12 to 2019-20 |author1=Kamdar, S. |author2=Basak, A. |name-list-style=amp |publisher=DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, PLANNING DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF MAHARASHTRA, MUMBAI. |url=https://mahades.maharashtra.gov.in/files/report/SIES-DISTRICT_2011-12.pdf |access-date=23 January 2023

Health

Beed was in the international news in August 1994 for the outbreak of Bubonic Plague. To some researchers, though, the disease detected here resembled Plague but could not be substantiated as per WHO criteria.{{Cite book | title = Plague that never was: A review of the alleged Plague outbreaks in India in 1994 | author = Deodhar/ Yemul/ Banerjee | publisher = Journal of Public Health Policy, Vol. 19, No. 2 | year = 1998

Media and communication

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Akshwani_Beed_landscape.jpg" caption="Marathi]] and two [[Urdu]] dailys are published from the city. Beed Reporter (newspaper), Champavati Patra, Lok Prashna, Lokasha, Parshv Bhumi and Zunjar Neta are major Marathi dailies.alhilal times one and only Urdu news paper daily published Local and regional news, crime stories and articles on local issues and politics are common features of the dailies. Marathi, Urdu, Hindi and English dailies including national dailies publishing from different cities of India also have consumers in city. No magazines are published in the city, but all the major national magazines do have readers."] ::

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), a state owned telephone service provider, has more than 15,000 customers. It has also introduced broadband internet lines.

Some enthusiasts have started a local cable channel ‘Beed News’. It provides local news coverage and plays movies rest of the time.

All India Radio Beed, at FM 102.9 MHz,{{Cite web |author = Alan G. Davies |publisher = Asiawaves |title = Radio Stations in Maharashtra – India |url=http://www.asiawaves.net/india/maharashtra-radio.htm |access-date=4 March 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070227054433/http://www.asiawaves.net/india/maharashtra-radio.htm| archive-date= 27 February 2007 | url-status= live}} broadcasts news, film and folk music, programmes of Vividh Bharti and programmes based on agriculture and health education.

Issues and challenges in the 21st century

Beed district as a whole —

  • Population below poverty line = 32.4%
  • Sex ratio = 912 (rural) ♀/♂
  • Estimated coverage of safe drinking water (habitations) = 66.1%
  • Villages not connected by paved roads = 52.82%{{Cite web |publisher = Empower Poor.Com |title = Empower Poor.Com |url = http://www.empowerpoor.org/backgrounder.asp?report=19 |access-date = 27 February 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070822212524/http://www.empowerpoor.org/backgrounder.asp?report=19 |archive-date = 22 August 2007 |url-status = dead

Beed has a long history as a neglected and backward area. Industrial and economic backwardness, lack of good transport facility, electricity and literacy were the issues in the 1960s and they are the same even today.{{Cite web |publisher = maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra) |title = Gazetteers Department of Beed district |url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/ind_intro.html |access-date=27 February 2007 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070224062249/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Beed/ind_intro.html| archive-date= 24 February 2007 | url-status= live}} Many elections have been fought with the issue of railway line facility. In the recent times the list of issues has gone up with a shortage of drinking water supply and electricity, frequent droughts, failing crops and suicide of farmers, unemployment, corruption and increasing crimes. Beed also records highest power theft in Maharashtra. Nearly 60% power supplied to the district is stolen before it can reach to the consumers who pay for it. Further, unpaid electricity bills runs to almost Rupees 4540 million (about $113 M) .

The district ranks 143rd in literacy in India based on IndianNgos.com research and analysis of 586 districts throughout India.{{Cite web |publisher=IndianNGOs.com |title=IndianNGOs.com |url=http://www.indianngos.com/issue/education/districts/beed.htm |access-date=1 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309005616/http://www.indianngos.com/issue/education/districts/beed.htm |archive-date=9 March 2007 |url-status=dead |title=Beyond the Human Development Index, Preliminary Notes on Deprivation and Inequality |author1=Kamdar, S. |author2=Basak, A. |name-list-style=amp |publisher=Mumbai University |url=http://www.mu.ac.in/economics/File60_Sangitawp1.pdf |access-date=27 February 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060209151700/http://www.mu.ac.in/economics/File60_Sangitawp1.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2006 Deforestation, desertification, frequent droughts, shrinking water reservoirs and extreme shortages of drinking water, especially in rural areas are major issues which needs urgent attention. Beed district, according to the official statistics, has only 2.47% forest area, that too of lower quality. Attitude of people is the major concern. As the literacy is quite low, bringing change starts with change in the outlook and behaviour of people.

Historical buildings

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Fateh_Burj_of_Bab_uz_Zafar_(Kotwali_Gate)_in_Beed.jpg" caption="Bāb-uz-Zafar (Gate of success) — now known as Kotwali Ves (Kotwali gate) was re-built in 1835 on the western bank of Bendsura. The gate is now in poor condition and the adjacent Fatah Burj on left is almost gone."] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/India2012_Maharashtra_Bid_Khandoba_Tempel.jpg" caption="Kanakaleshwar Temple"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Shahinsha_wali_beed.jpg" caption="This main entrance of ''Kochak Shah'' alias Shahinshah Wali tomb was constructed by Amīr Nawāz Jang in 1830."] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mansur_Shah_tomb.jpg" caption="''Mansur Shah'' tomb in the eastern part of Beed city."] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Khazana_well_near_Beed_city.jpg" caption="Khajana well]] about 6 km south of the city."] ::

Beed is home to several historical buildings, some of the noteworthy are:

The Kanakaleshwar Temple which is one of old temples in beed. It is a temple of Lord Shiva. It is surrounded by water from all sides.

The Khandoba temple is situated on the eastern hills. Built in Hemadpanti style. Two symmetrical, octagonal dīpmal (tower of light) rising 21.33 meters (70 ft) are standing in front of the temple. Towers have carved figures of humans and animals, now most of them defaced. There are two stories about the construction of this temple. One says that it was built by Sultanji Nimbalkar a Jagirdar of Nizam era. The other says that it was built by Mahadji Scindia. Tārīkh-e-Bīr (History of Beed) mentions it with Nimbalkar.

The Jama Masjid (Grand Mosque) is a Masjid situated in the centre of the city at Quila (fort) and is one of the largest Masjids of Beed city. It was built during the period of Mughal emperor Jahāngīr (1605–27) by his official in Beed Jān Sipār Khan in 1627 (1036 Islamic Year). Constructed completely in stone, it has ten huge domes and four minarets. All the domes are having different designs from inside and does not match with each other.

The Shahinshah Wali tomb: Shahinshah Wali was a Sufi of the 14th century from Chishtiya clan. He came to Beed during the rule of Muhammad Tughluq. His tomb and surrounding areas were built in different periods from 1385 to 1840. The details can be seen in the history of Beed. It is situated on the eastern elevations. Each year an Urs (fair) is held here on 2nd day of Rabi’ Al-Awwal, third month of Islamic calendar.

The Mansur Shah tomb: Mansur Shah was 18th century Sufi of Suharwardy clan of Sufis. He is said to be a Dharma Guru (spiritual teacher) of Mahadji Scindia. His tomb is in the eastern part of Beed near Khandeshwari temple. The dome of the shrine is made of marble.

Notable people

References

References

  1. "Pune History – Origin and History of Poona India".
  5. [http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf National Commissioner Linguistic Minorities 50th report, page 131] {{webarchive. link. (8 July 2016 . Government of India. Retrieved 15 July 2015.)
  6. "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra).
  7. Everett-Heath, John. (2019-10-24). "The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names". Oxford University Press.
  8. "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra).
  9. "Gazetteers Department – Bhir". maharashtra.gov.in (Government of Maharashtra).
  10. (1908). "The Imperial Gazetteer of India". Oxford, Clarendon Press.
  11. "District Census Hand Book – Beed". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
  12. "Table C-01 Population By Religious Community: Maharashtra". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
  13. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Maharashtra (Town level)". [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]].
  14. Srinivasan, S.. "Marathwada Profile". Rediff.com.
  15. (6 March 2006). "Beed Records Highest Power Theft". NDTV.com.
  16. (June 2016). "IndianNGOs.com". IndianNGOs.com.
  17. "Archived copy".
  18. Jawalekar, Chinmay. (11 October 2017). "Sanjay Bangar: 16 facts about India's batting coach who once played for the country". Cricket County.

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