Bed warmer

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Household item

title: "Bed warmer" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["heating", "bedding"] description: "Household item" topic_path: "general/heating" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_warmer" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Household item ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Beddenpan-bovenzijde.jpg" caption="Bed warmer from the Netherlands"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Bed_warmer_(AM_16513-2).jpg" caption="English stoneware bed warmer and stopper"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Electrical_Bed_Heater,_Dharamkot.jpg" caption="Electrical bed warmer (with a shielded electric bulb) in India, 1979"] ::

A bed warmer or warming pan was a common household item in countries with cold winters, especially in Europe. It consisted of a metal container, usually fitted with a handle and shaped somewhat like a modern frying pan, with a solid or finely perforated lid. The pan would be filled with embers and placed under the covers of a bed, to warm it up or dry it out before use.

Bed warmers were commonly used from the mid-17th to early-20th century. They fell out of fashion with the rise of other methods of warming homes and beds.

Risks and alternatives

Besides the risk of fire, it was recognized that the fumes from the embers were noxious. A doctor advised his readers in a publication of about 1790 to avoid bed warmers, or, if needed, replace the embers with hot sand.

An alternative to the bed warmer was the "bed wagon" (, , both meaning "monk"). It consisted of a large wooden frame enclosing a bucket of embers, possibly with an iron tray and an iron roof-plate to protect the bed covers from direct heat.

Pottery filled with hot water also was used. With the advent of rubber, the hot water bottle became dominant. In the early 20th century, electric blankets began to replace the bed warmer.

An alternative kind of bedwarmer in the mid-20th century in the UK was a 36 cm pressed steel "flying saucer" or lozenge-shaped device made by Belling (established 1912), powered using an internal 40 W incandescent light bulb as a heat source.

References

References

  1. Cora Millet-Robinet (1853): ''Domestic Economy''. "A copper warming pan is indispensable to a household. Take care to have a big enough quantity of embers, above all some red cinders, when you want to heat a bed. Get it smouldering well before you use it, otherwise the fire will soon go out and the bed will not warm up. You must move the warming pan constantly to avoid scorching the sheets. A bed-wagon (moine), well-known and inexpensive, is a suitable alternative." Cited by [http://www.oldandinteresting.com/bed-warmers.aspx "Bed warmers"], ''Old & Interesting'' website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
  2. Thomas Rowlandson (1794): ''The Comforts of High Living''. Satyrical cartoon print. Reproduced in Calinda Shely (2016): ''[https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com.br/&httpsredir=1&article=1011&context=engl_etds The Distemper of a Gentleman: Grotesque visual and literary depictions of gout in Great Britain, 1744-1826]'', page 149. Ph. D. thesis, University of New Mexico.
  3. Dr. James Makittrick Adair (c. 1790): ''Essays on Fashionable Diseases: the dangerous effects of hot and crowded rooms''. Cited by [http://www.oldandinteresting.com/bed-warmers.aspx "Bed warmers"], ''Old & Interesting'' website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
  4. Gertrude Jekyll (1904): ''Old West Surrey''. Cited by [http://www.oldandinteresting.com/bed-warmers.aspx "Bed warmers"], ''Old & Interesting'' website. Accessed on 2019-05-10.
  5. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VygDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62 "Resistance wires heat electric blanket"]. ''Popular Science'', volume 130, issue 2 (February 1937), page 62
  6. "Historic cooker manufacturer behind Belling ovens to shed 300 jobs".
  7. "Belling Bedwarmer, 1960s, Original".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

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