BASIC Programming

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title: "BASIC Programming" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1980-software", "atari-2600", "basic-interpreters", "basic-programming-language-family", "discontinued-basics", "video-game-development-software"] topic_path: "technology/programming-languages" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC_Programming" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox video game"]

Field	Value
title	BASIC Programming
image	BASIC Programming Cover Art.jpg
developer	Atari, Inc.
publisher	Atari, Inc.
designer	Warren Robinett
released	April 1980
platforms	Atari 2600
::

::callout[type=note] the Atari 2600 cartridge ::

BASIC Programming is an Atari Video Computer System (later called the Atari 2600) cartridge that teaches simple computer programming using a dialect of BASIC. Written by Warren Robinett and released by Atari, Inc. in 1980, this BASIC interpreter is one of a few non-game cartridges for the console. The Atari VCS's RAM size of 128 bytes restricts the possibilities for writing programs.

Details

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Basicprogramming.png" caption="Main display"] ::

The BASIC Programming display is divided into six regions:

Program is where instructions are typed. It has a maximum of eleven lines of code.
Stack shows temporary results of what the program does.
Variables stores the values of any variables that the program is using.
Output displays any output values that the program creates.
Status shows the amount of available memory remaining.
Graphics contains two colored squares that can be manipulated by the program.

Input is given through two Atari keypad controllers, which came with special overlays to show how to type the different commands and letters. Programs are restricted to 64 characters in size and normally 9 lines of code, limiting the programs that can be written (users can disable all windows except Program and keep selecting "New Line" until 11 lines of code are present).

Language features

VCS BASIC supports the following keywords:

Statements: Print
Structure: Goto, If-Then-Else
Graphics: Clear
Functions: Hit, Key
Math: + - × ÷ Mod
Relational operators: =

Unlike most BASIC implementations of the time:

VCS BASIC uses ← instead of = for assignment; e.g., A←A+1.
Statements can be strung together on a line without a delimiter; e.g., Note←APrintA.
An If statement can be used as a function, returning a value: [Mod](modulo-operation)292
If statements can take an Else clause.

Special variable names:

Note sounds a musical note, assigned numbers from 0 to 7
- Numbers assigned to Note are implicitly assigned modulus 8, thus 8 becomes 0, 9 becomes 1, etc.
Hor1, Hor2 - the horizontal coordinate of one of two squares
Ver1, Ver2 - the vertical coordinate of one of two squares

The language supports 26 unsigned integer variables A to Z. VCS BASIC supports integers from 0 to 99. Math operations wrap, so 99+1 becomes 0, 99+2 becomes 1, etc.

Sample code

The following example of a Pong game is provided. 1 Hor2←2+Key 2 3 4 Mod292 5 Hor1←Hor1+7 6

References

Hague, James. (March 1997). "Halcyon Days: Interviews with Classic Computer and Video Game Programmers".
"Atari VCS game release dates".
link. (15 June 2015 Atari KeypadSystem: Atari 2600, Model Number: CX50, ''Sold in pairs, functionally identical to the Kid's Controller and the Video Touch Pad. Included overlays with commands, meant to be used with Basic Programming.'')
(1979). "BASIC Programming: Atari Game Program Instructions". Atari, Inc..

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::