Bartoszyce

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title: "Bartoszyce" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["bartoszyce-county", "cities-and-towns-in-warmian-masurian-voivodeship", "populated-riverside-places-in-poland", "cittaslow"] topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartoszyce" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameBartoszyce
image_skyline{{multiple image
borderinfobox
total_width270
image_styleborder:1
perrow1/2/2
image1Plac Konstytucji 3 Maja w Bartoszycach.jpgConstitution of May 3 Square
image2Saint John the Evangelist and Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Bartoszyce (2).jpgGothic Saint John the Evangelist church
image3Kościół Jana Chrzciciela Bartoszyce.jpgGothic Saint John the Baptist church
image4Widok z wieży ciśnień w Bartoszycach na sanktuarium św. Brunona Bonifacego z Kwerfurtu - patrona Bartoszyc. - panoramio.jpgSaint Bruno church
image5Bartoszyce. Rzeka Łyna..jpgŁyna River in Bartoszyce
caption1Constitution of May 3 Square
caption2Saint John the Evangelist church
caption3Saint John the Baptist church
caption4Saint Bruno church
caption5Łyna River}}
image_flagPOL Bartoszyce flag.svg
image_shieldPOL Bartoszyce City COA.svg
pushpin_mapPoland
pushpin_label_positionbottom
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_name
subdivision_type1Voivodeship
subdivision_name1Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
subdivision_type2County
subdivision_name2Bartoszyce
subdivision_type3Gmina
subdivision_name3Bartoszyce (urban gmina)
leader_partyPO
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameWiesław Kurach
government_footnotes
established_titleEstablished
established_date1240
established_title2Town rights
established_date21326
area_total_km211.79
area_footnotes
elevation_m3
elevation_ft9.8
population_as_of31 December 2021
population_total22597
population_density_km21917
population_footnotes
timezoneCET
utc_offset+1
timezone_DSTCEST
utc_offset_DST+2
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code11-200
area_code+48 89
blank_nameCar plates
blank_infoNBA
blank_name_sec2National roads
blank_info_sec2[[File:DK51-PL.svg
blank1_name_sec2Voivodeship roads
blank1_info_sec2[[File:DW512-PL.svg
websitehttp://bartoszyce.pl
::

| name = Bartoszyce | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 270 | image_style = border:1 | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Plac Konstytucji 3 Maja w Bartoszycach.jpgConstitution of May 3 Square | image2 = Saint John the Evangelist and Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Bartoszyce (2).jpgGothic Saint John the Evangelist church | image3 = Kościół Jana Chrzciciela Bartoszyce.jpgGothic Saint John the Baptist church | image4 = Widok z wieży ciśnień w Bartoszycach na sanktuarium św. Brunona Bonifacego z Kwerfurtu - patrona Bartoszyc. - panoramio.jpgSaint Bruno church | image5 = Bartoszyce. Rzeka Łyna..jpgŁyna River in Bartoszyce | caption1 = Constitution of May 3 Square | caption2 = Saint John the Evangelist church | caption3 = Saint John the Baptist church | caption4 = Saint Bruno church | caption5 = Łyna River}} | image_flag = POL Bartoszyce flag.svg | image_shield = POL Bartoszyce City COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Bartoszyce | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Bartoszyce (urban gmina) | leader_party = PO | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Wiesław Kurach | government_footnotes = | established_title = Established | established_date = 1240 | established_title2 = Town rights | established_date2 = 1326 | area_total_km2 = 11.79 | area_footnotes = | elevation_m = 3 | elevation_ft = 9.8 | population_as_of = 31 December 2021 | population_total = 22597 | population_density_km2 = 1917 | population_footnotes = | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 11-200 | area_code = +48 89 | blank_name = Car plates | blank_info = NBA | blank_name_sec2 = National roads | blank_info_sec2 = [[File:DK51-PL.svg|32px]] | blank1_name_sec2 = Voivodeship roads | blank1_info_sec2 = [[File:DW512-PL.svg|32px]] [[File:DW592-PL.svg|32px]] | website = http://bartoszyce.pl Bartoszyce (pronounced ; , ) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Geographical location

Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river Łyna River in a valley, approximately 90 km east of Elbląg and 55 km south of Kaliningrad, at an altitude of 3 m above sea level.

History

Middle Ages

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Kościół_św._Jana_Ewangelisty_i_Matki_Bożej_Częstochowskiej_w_Bartoszycach_2.jpg" caption="Gothic]] Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded in 1360–80 and in the 15th century."] ::

Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights constructed a castle on the left shore of the Łyna River on the border between the Old Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia. The castle was part of the district (Komturei) of Balga. It was first composed of stone houses, palisades, and earthworks and later built of bricks.

Besieged by the native Old Prussians for four years during an uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it was besieged by another Baltic group, the Sudovians, in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274–80. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the Komtur (administrator) of Balga.

Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name Rosenthal, it received town privileges from the Teutonic Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332. After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare. Poles settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names Bartoszyce and Barsztyn. The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: Komtur), Henning Schindekopf of Balga, began construction of a wall around the town in 1353.

In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. At the beginning of the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward. However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. By the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a fief held by the State of the Teutonic Order. The town's seal was attached to the documents of the peace treaty. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (not the Grand Master).

Modern era

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Lidzbarska_Gate_in_Bartoszyce_(1).jpg" caption="Lidzbarska Gate in the town centre."] ::

With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia, established with the consent of the Polish king Sigismund I the Old, as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation.

Bartenstein became part of the secular Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807, the Treaty of Bartenstein. Administrative reform following the Napoleonic Wars placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies, and although the post of a Polish preacher still existed in 1829, the appointed preacher did not speak Polish.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Bartenstein_(Luftaufnahme).jpg" caption="Bartenstein in the early 20th century."] ::

The Lyck-Bartenstein (Ełk–Bartoszyce) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army, Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.

During World War II, the Germans operated a forced labour subcamp of the Stalag I-B prisoner-of-war camp in the town. The town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the Soviet Red Army. After German surrender, the Soviets ceremoniously transferred sovereignty over the town to Polish authorities on June 15, 1945. The already established Polish rule was accepted at the Potsdam Conference, however, on preliminary terms. Remaining German residents who had survived were either evacuated or later expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and the town was repopulated with Poles. The transfer was confirmed by the German–Polish Border Treaty.

As part of the repressions against the Catholic Church, the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of theological seminaries. The future priest Jerzy Popiełuszko did his military service there in 1966–1968. He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life. There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Bartoszyce_Stary_Rynek,_Mazury,_Poland.May_1991(4473712917).jpg" caption="Bartoszyce in 1991."] ::

Bartoszyce was administratively located in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.

Number of inhabitants by year

|footnote=Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.}} ::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Pomnik_patrona_Bartoszyc_-_Św._Brunona,_na_tle_budynku_Liceum_Ogólnokształcącego_im._St.Żeromskiego_w_Bartoszycach.-_panoramio.jpg" caption="Liceum Ogólnokształcące]] im. Stefana Żeromskiego (a high school)."] ::

Popular culture

The town is the location of a scene in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace.

International relations

Bartoszyce is a member of Cittaslow.

Twin towns – sister cities

Bartoszyce is twinned with:

Former twin towns

Notable residents

References

References

  1. "Burmistrz Miasta Bartoszyce". Miasto Bartoszyce.
  2. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland.
  3. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland.
  4. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland.
  5. de
  6. "Bartoszyce, eMazury".
  7. Górski, Karol. (1949). "Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych". Instytut Zachodni.
  8. Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
  9. Karczewska, Teresa. (1962). "Przegląd pieczęci pruskich z dokumentów traktatu toruńskiego z 1466 roku".
  10. ''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.
  11. Kętrzyński, Wojciech. (1882). "O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich". [[Ossolineum.
  12. "Work Camps".
  13. Joanna Ewa Wisniewska. "Preußisch Holland/Paslek – Die Wende des Jahres 1945. Die Vertreibung/Aussiedlung der deutschen Bevölkerung".
  14. ""Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"".
  15. [[Johann Friedrich Goldbeck]]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Mww_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA18 p. 18, no. 1.]
  16. Michael Rademacher: ''[http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/bartenstein.html Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Ostpreußen, Kreis Friedland/Bartenstein]'' (2006).
  17. (1949). "War and Peace". International Collectors Library.
  18. "Cittaslow List".
  19. "Miasta Partnerskie". Miasto Bartoszyce.
  20. "Uchwała Rady Powiatu nr LIV/259/2022". Bulletin of Public Information of Bartoszyce County.

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bartoszyce-countycities-and-towns-in-warmian-masurian-voivodeshippopulated-riverside-places-in-polandcittaslow