Barnaul

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City in Altai Krai, Russia

title: "Barnaul" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["barnaul", "populated-places-on-the-ob-river", "cities-and-towns-in-altai-krai", "tomsk-governorate", "populated-places-established-in-1730"] description: "City in Altai Krai, Russia" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaul" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Altai Krai, Russia ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox Russian inhabited locality"]

FieldValue
en_nameBarnaul
ru_nameБарнаул
image_skylineBarnaul Skyline 2007.jpg
image_captionBarnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park
coordinates
map_label_positionright
image_coaCeremonial Coat of Arms of Barnaul.svg
image_flagFlag of Barnaul (2021).jpg
holidayOne of the weekend days in August or September
holiday_ref
federal_subjectAltai Krai
federal_subject_ref
adm_city_jurCity of krai significance of Barnaul
adm_city_jur_ref
adm_ctr_of1Altai Krai
adm_ctr_of1_ref
adm_ctr_of2City of krai significance of Barnaul
adm_ctr_of2_ref
inhabloc_catCity
inhabloc_cat_ref
urban_okrug_jurBarnaul Urban Okrug
urban_okrug_jur_ref
mun_admctr_ofBarnaul Urban Okrug
mun_admctr_of_ref
leader_titleHead
leader_title_ref
leader_nameVyacheslav Frank
representative_bodyCity Duma
representative_body_ref
area_km2940
area_km2_ref
pop_2010census612401
pop_2010census_rank21st
pop_2010census_ref
pop_latest700326
pop_latest_dateJanuary 2016
pop_latest_ref
established_date1730
established_titleEstablished
established_date_ref
current_cat_date1771
current_cat_date_ref
postal_codes656000, 656002–656004, 656006, 656008, 656010–656012, 656015, 656016, 656018, 656019, 656021, 656023–656025, 656031, 656033, 656035–656039, 656043–656045, 656048–656050, 656052–656060, 656062–656068, 656700, 656880, 656890, 656899, 656905, 656960, 656961, 656963–656966, 656998, 656999, 901024, 901213
dialing_codes3852
websitebarnaul.org
::

|en_name = Barnaul |ru_name = Барнаул |image_skyline = Barnaul Skyline 2007.jpg |image_caption = Barnaul as seen from the Nagorny Park |coordinates = |map_label_position = right |image_coa =Ceremonial Coat of Arms of Barnaul.svg |image_flag = Flag of Barnaul (2021).jpg |anthem = |anthem_ref = |holiday = One of the weekend days in August or September |holiday_ref = |federal_subject = Altai Krai |federal_subject_ref = |adm_city_jur = City of krai significance of Barnaul |adm_city_jur_ref = |adm_ctr_of1 = Altai Krai |adm_ctr_of1_ref= |adm_ctr_of2 = City of krai significance of Barnaul |adm_ctr_of2_ref = |inhabloc_cat = City |inhabloc_cat_ref = |inhabloc_type = |inhabloc_type_ref = |urban_okrug_jur=Barnaul Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref = |mun_admctr_of = Barnaul Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of_ref = |leader_title = Head |leader_title_ref = |leader_name = Vyacheslav Frank |leader_name_ref = |representative_body = City Duma |representative_body_ref = |area_of_what = |area_as_of = |area_km2 = 940 |area_km2_ref = |pop_2010census = 612401 |pop_2010census_rank = 21st |pop_2010census_ref = |pop_density = |pop_density_as_of = |pop_density_ref = |pop_latest = 700326 |pop_latest_date = January 2016 |pop_latest_ref = |established_date = 1730 |established_title = Established |established_date_ref = |current_cat_date = 1771 |current_cat_date_ref = |prev_name1 = |prev_name1_date = |prev_name1_ref = |postal_codes=656000, 656002–656004, 656006, 656008, 656010–656012, 656015, 656016, 656018, 656019, 656021, 656023–656025, 656031, 656033, 656035–656039, 656043–656045, 656048–656050, 656052–656060, 656062–656068, 656700, 656880, 656890, 656899, 656905, 656960, 656961, 656963–656966, 656998, 656999, 901024, 901213 |dialing_codes = 3852 |dialing_codes_ref = |website=barnaul.org

Barnaul (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Altai Krai, Russia, located at the confluence of the Barnaulka and Ob rivers in the West Siberian Plain. As of the 2021 census, its population was 630,877, making it the 20th-largest city in Russia and the fourth-largest in the Siberian Federal District.

Located in the south of western Siberia on the left bank of the Ob River, Barnaul is a major transport, industrial, cultural, medical and educational hub of Siberia. Barnaul was founded by the wealthy Demidov family, who intended to develop the production of copper and silver, which continued after the factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became a major centre of silver production in Russia. Barnaul was granted city status in 1771.

Administrative and municipal status

Barnaul is the administrative centre of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug.

Geography

Barnaul is located in the forest steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain, on the left bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Barnaulka.

The border with Kazakhstan is 345 km to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the Altai Mountains. The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian border with Mongolia and the border with China.

History

Ancient history

The area around the city has been inhabited by modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for Scythian and various Turkic peoples.

Russian Empire

While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724. It was granted city status in 1771. Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy Demidov family. The Demidovs wanted to develop the copper in the mountains, and soon found substantial deposits of silver as well. In 1747, the Demidovs' factories were taken over by the Crown. Barnaul became the centre of silver production of the Russian Empire.

In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest conscription riot in Russia during World War I. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting.

Mary 'Marie' 'Maria' Stepanovna Zudilova Tatuloff Zacharenko Gurdin (1908–1998) was reputedly born in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses Natalie and Lana Wood. Her father Stepan was reputedly killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Mary and her siblings as refugees to Harbin, China. Mary married Alexander Tatuloff there in 1925, and they had a daughter Olga together. Mary eventually immigrated to the United States, where she divorced Alexander in 1936 and later married Nicholas Zacharenko, from Ussuriysk, and had two daughters with him.

World War II

Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul.

Recent history

In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official.

Demographics

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was: ::data[format=table]

EthnicityPopulationPercentage
Russians492,28595.9%
Tajiks2,7010.5%
Germans2,6440.5%
Ukrainians1,7590.3%
Armenians1,6680.3%
Other Ethnicities12,3982.4%
::

Economy

Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear. The Barnaul Cartridge Plant, a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city.

Transportation

Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines.

Barnaul has public transport of buses, minibuses, trolleybuses, trams and taxies. Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar.

Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres west of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc.

Climate

The humid continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian forest steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of -15.5 C in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of 19.9 C in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below -45 C in the winter to above 35 C in the summer.

The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is 433 mm per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures.

|width = auto |location = Barnaul (1991–2020, extremes 1838–present) |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 5.3 |Feb record high C = 7.4 |Mar record high C = 16.4 |Apr record high C = 32.3 |May record high C = 37.4 |Jun record high C = 38.5 |Jul record high C = 37.9 |Aug record high C = 38.3 |Sep record high C = 34.4 |Oct record high C = 27.4 |Nov record high C = 16.6 |Dec record high C = 7.2 |year record high C = 38.5 |Jan high C = -11.4 |Feb high C = -7.8 |Mar high C = 0.2 |Apr high C = 11.5 |May high C = 20.2 |Jun high C = 24.8 |Jul high C = 26.3 |Aug high C = 24.5 |Sep high C = 17.6 |Oct high C = 9.6 |Nov high C = -2.2 |Dec high C = -8.8 |year high C = 8.7 |Jan mean C = -16.2 |Feb mean C = -13.6 |Mar mean C = -5.7 |Apr mean C = 5.0 |May mean C = 12.9 |Jun mean C = 18.2 |Jul mean C = 19.9 |Aug mean C = 17.6 |Sep mean C = 11.0 |Oct mean C = 4.0 |Nov mean C = -6.2 |Dec mean C = -13.1 |year mean C = 2.8 |Jan low C = -20.7 |Feb low C = -18.7 |Mar low C = -10.9 |Apr low C = -0.3 |May low C = 6.4 |Jun low C = 12.0 |Jul low C = 14.2 |Aug low C = 11.8 |Sep low C = 5.6 |Oct low C = -0.2 |Nov low C = -9.9 |Dec low C = -17.6 |year low C = -2.4 |Jan record low C = -48.2 |Feb record low C = -46.1 |Mar record low C = -38.9 |Apr record low C = -27.6 |May record low C = -8.8 |Jun record low C = -1.2 |Jul record low C = 2.9 |Aug record low C = 0.0 |Sep record low C = -7.8 |Oct record low C = -27.0 |Nov record low C = -42.8 |Dec record low C = -43.9 |year record low C = -48.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 23 |Feb precipitation mm = 18 |Mar precipitation mm = 19 |Apr precipitation mm = 28 |May precipitation mm = 41 |Jun precipitation mm = 54 |Jul precipitation mm = 72 |Aug precipitation mm = 45 |Sep precipitation mm = 36 |Oct precipitation mm = 35 |Nov precipitation mm = 40 |Dec precipitation mm = 32 |year precipitation mm = 443 |Jan snow depth cm = 38 |Feb snow depth cm = 47 |Mar snow depth cm = 45 |Apr snow depth cm = 6 |May snow depth cm = 0 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0 |Oct snow depth cm = 1 |Nov snow depth cm = 8 |Dec snow depth cm = 23 |year snow depth cm = 47 |Jan rain days = 0.4 |Feb rain days = 1 |Mar rain days = 3 |Apr rain days = 12 |May rain days = 17 |Jun rain days = 16 |Jul rain days = 17 |Aug rain days = 15 |Sep rain days = 16 |Oct rain days = 14 |Nov rain days = 6 |Dec rain days = 1 |year rain days = 118 |Jan snow days = 22 |Feb snow days = 20 |Mar snow days = 16 |Apr snow days = 9 |May snow days = 2 |Jun snow days = 0.1 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 1 |Oct snow days = 10 |Nov snow days = 18 |Dec snow days = 24 |year snow days = 122 |Jan humidity = 78 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 74 |Apr humidity = 63 |May humidity = 55 |Jun humidity = 64 |Jul humidity = 70 |Aug humidity = 70 |Sep humidity = 69 |Oct humidity = 73 |Nov humidity = 79 |Dec humidity = 79 |year humidity = 71 |Jan sun = 77 |Feb sun = 112 |Mar sun = 178 |Apr sun = 218 |May sun = 272 |Jun sun = 315 |Jul sun = 320 |Aug sun = 265 |Sep sun = 199 |Oct sun = 109 |Nov sun = 75 |Dec sun = 64 |year sun = 2204 |source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net |source 2 = NOAA (sun only, 1961–1990) |date=January 2013

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Barnaul41.jpg" caption="A historical wooden house in Barnaul on the Socialisticheskiy Prospect"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Barnaul_Imperator_Restaurant.jpg" caption="A historical wooden house used to be as the Imperator Restaurant (former Russian Tea Restaurant), now under reconstruction"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Barnaul_Skyline_2007.jpg" caption="View of central Barnaul in the summer of 2007"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Барнаул,_Змеиногорский_тракт,жилой_дом-_panoramio.jpg" caption="Modern apartment building, built in 2010"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Aist-skulptura.jpg" caption="Park in Barnaul"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Barnaul_River_Port.jpg" caption="The [[Ob River]] in Barnaul"] ::

Notable people

Twin towns – sister cities

Barnaul is twinned with:

References

Sources

References

  1. Charter of Barnaul, Article 46
  2. Charter of Barnaul, Article 37
  3. Official website of Barnaul. [http://barnaul.org/gorod/vchera_i_segodnya/geografiya Geography] {{Webarchive. link. (2 June 2017 {{in lang). ru
  4. {{ru-pop-ref. 2010Census
  5. "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". [[Federal State Statistics Service (Russia).
  6. Charter of Altai Krai, Article 6
  7. Law #28-ZS
  8. Law #144-ZS
  9. Minns, Ellis Hovell. (13 January 2011). "Scythians and Greeks: A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus". Cambridge University Press.
  10. Charter of Barnaul, Article 4
  11. (2003). "Энциклопедия Города России". Большая Российская Энциклопедия.
  12. "Пятые Бородавкинские чтения".
  13. Sanborn, Josh. "The Mobilization of 1917 and the Question of the Russian Nation." ''Slavic Review,'' Vol. 59, No. 2: pp. 267-89.
  14. Tatuloff, Alexander (17 September 1934). [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-8BVN-8YJ Declaration of Intention, no. 89199]. ''U.S. District Court Naturalization Index, 1852–1989''.
  15. "Барнаульские патроны".
  16. VanHise, James L.. (2021-09-21). "Dilemma Actions: The Power of Putting your Opponent in a Bind".
  17. "Национальный состав населения". Rosstat.
  18. "Власть".
  19. "Barnaul".
  20. "Weather And Climate – Climate Barnaul".
  21. "Climate Normals for Barnaul". [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]].
  22. "Сергей Шубенков выиграл "золото" на Чемпионате мира по лёгкой атлетике в Пекине".
  23. (31 October 2020). "США, Испания и Китай: в каких еще странах у Барнаула есть города-побратимы?". Tolk.
  24. "Град Шумен – Как да ни намерите". Tourism Shumen.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

barnaulpopulated-places-on-the-ob-rivercities-and-towns-in-altai-kraitomsk-governoratepopulated-places-established-in-1730