Arrow 3

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title: "Arrow 3" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["anti-ballistic-missiles-of-israel", "emergency-management-in-israel", "israel-aerospace-industries-missiles", "missile-defense", "21st-century-surface-to-air-missiles", "mlm-products", "military-equipment-introduced-in-the-2010s", "israel–united-states-military-relations"] topic_path: "geography/israel" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_3" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox weapon"]

FieldValue
is_missileyes
nameArrow 3
חץ 3
imageIAF-Arrow-3-חץ-sq1666.jpg
altArrow 3 launched during Operation Rising Lion, 2025
captionArrow 3 launched during Operation Rising Lion, 2025.
originIsrael
United States
typeExoatmospheric anti-ballistic missile
Potential anti-satellite weapon
used_byIsrael
Germany
manufacturerIsrael Aerospace Industries, Boeing
production_date2017–present
wars2024 Iran–Israel conflict
Red Sea crisis
Iran-Israel war
designerIsrael Aerospace Industries
speedHypersonic
engineTwo-stage
ceiling100 km
guidanceInertial navigation system (INS) gimbaled seeker
steeringThrust vectoring
launch_platformRapid launch fortified underground silos
::

| is_missile = yes | name = Arrow 3 חץ 3 | image = IAF-Arrow-3-חץ-sq1666.jpg | alt = Arrow 3 launched during Operation Rising Lion, 2025 | caption = Arrow 3 launched during Operation Rising Lion, 2025. | origin = Israel United States | type = Exoatmospheric anti-ballistic missile Potential anti-satellite weapon | used_by = Israel Germany | manufacturer = Israel Aerospace Industries, Boeing | unit_cost = | production_date = 2017–present | service = | wars = 2024 Iran–Israel conflict Red Sea crisis Iran-Israel war | designer = Israel Aerospace Industries | design_date = | speed = Hypersonic | engine = Two-stage | vehicle_range = | ceiling = 100 km | filling = | filling_weight = | Speed = | guidance = Inertial navigation system (INS) gimbaled seeker | accuracy = | steering = Thrust vectoring | detonation = | launch_platform = Rapid launch fortified underground silos

The Arrow 3 or Hetz 3 (, or ) is an exoatmospheric anti-ballistic missile, jointly funded, developed and produced by Israel and the United States. Undertaken by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) and Boeing, it is overseen by the Israeli Ministry of Defense's "Homa" (, , "rampart") administration and the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. It provides exo-atmospheric interception of ballistic missiles (during the space-flight portion of their trajectory), including intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) carrying nuclear, chemical, biological or conventional warheads. With divert motor capability, its kill vehicle can switch directions dramatically. It can also be adapted for an anti-satellite role: it has sensors that can pivot 90 degrees in order to detect approaching satellites. The missile's reported flight range is up to 2400 km.{{cite journal | last1 = Foss | first1 = Christopher | last2 = O’Halloran | first2 = James | date = | title = Jane's Information Group | url = | journal = Land Warfare Platforms: Artillery and Air Defence 2012–13 | volume = | issue = Arrow Weapon System | pages = 692–695 | doi = | access-date =

According to the chairman of the Israeli Space Agency, Arrow 3 may serve as an anti-satellite weapon, which would make Israel one of the world's few countries capable of destroying orbiting satellites.

Background

Main article: Arrow (missile family)#Background

In August 2008 the Israeli and United States governments began development of an upper-tier component to the Israeli Air Defense Command, known as Arrow 3, "with a kill ratio of around 99 percent". The development is based on an architecture definition study conducted in 2006–2007, determining the need for the upper-tier component to be integrated into Israel's ballistic missile defense system. According to Arieh Herzog, then Director of Israel Missile Defense Organization (IMDO), the main element of this upper tier will be an exoatmospheric interceptor, to be jointly developed by IAI and Boeing.

The new component will also require the integration of longer range detection, tracking and discrimination capability, beyond what the "Green Pine" and "Super Green Pine" radars employed with the Arrow 2 are providing. Among the advanced sensors considered for Israel's future multi-tier system, are airborne electro-optical sensors deployed on high flying unmanned aerial vehicles and future enhanced "Green Pine" radars, as well as the AN/TPY-2 radar already deployed in Israel, and operated by U.S. forces.

The multibillion-dollar development program of the Arrow is a joint development between Israel and the United States.

References

  1. Lappin, Yaakov. (25 February 2013). "Israel successfully tests Arrow 3 missile defense".
  2. (20 January 2017). "Israel Introduces Arrow-3 Missile Interceptor System".
  3. (16 July 2021). "Arrow 3 (Israel)".
  4. (January 2010). "Israel Missile Chronology".
  5. "Israel, U.S. to embark on collaborative 'upper-tier' missile intercept program to include Arrow 3 and land-based SM-3 missiles". Defense Update.
  6. Sharp, Jeremy M.. (22 December 2016). "CRS report for Congress: U.S. foreign aid to Israel". www.everycrsreport.com.
  7. Sharp, Jeremy M.. (16 November 2020). "CRS report for Congress: U.S. foreign aid to Israel". [[Federation of American Scientists]].
  8. Egozi, Arie. (2 August 2011). "Arrow-3: a totally different layer of protection".
  9. (24 January 2012). "Defense Ministry conducts first test of 'Arrow 3' system".
  10. Ben David, Alon. (26 January 2012). "Boeing links up with IAI on Arrow-3". [[Aviation Week & Space Technology]].
  11. (March 2008). "Arrow II brochure". Boeing.
  12. Lappin, Yaakov. (25 February 2013). "Israel successfully tests Arrow 3 missile defense". The Jerusalem Post.
  13. Lappin, Yaakov. (3 January 2014). "Defense Ministry: Missile shield system passes 2nd flight test". The Jerusalem Post.
  14. Opall-Rome, Barbara. (17 December 2014). "'No Test' declared for Arrow-3 interceptor". [[Defense News]].
  15. Amouyal, Noa. (25 February 2015). "Israel DM: glitch in Arrow 2 missile fixed". [[Defense News]].
  16. Opall-Rome, Barbara. (10 December 2015). "US-Israel Arrow-3 intercepts target in space". [[Defense News]].
  17. Lapin, Yaakov. (19 February 2018). "Israeli Arrow 3 interceptor test previews upcoming trials in Alaska". [[Jane's Information Group]].
  18. (22 January 2019). "Israel touts successful test of Arrow-3 missile interceptor". [[Defense News]].
  19. (28 July 2019). "US, Israel's Arrow-3 missile put to the test in Alaska". Defense News.
  20. (29 July 2019). "Israel, U.S. carry out successful test of Arrow-3 missile over Alaska". The Jerusalem Post.
  21. "Exo atmospheric intercepting system and method".
  22. (10 June 2009). "IAI develops Arrow 3 interceptor in response to longer range threats". [[Israel Aerospace Industries]].
  23. Eshel, David. (8 February 2010). "Israel upgrades its antimissile plans". Aviation Week.
  24. "Arrow 3 brochure". [[Israel Aerospace Industries]].
  25. Ben-Yishai, Ron. (8 July 2008). "US to help Israel develop Arrow-3". [[Ynetnews]].
  26. Greenberg, Hanan. (27 May 2010). "Arrow 3: The new generation". Ynetnews.
  27. Fulghum, David. (3 September 2012). "Higher-altitude Arrow design to show its potential". Aviation Week.
  28. (15 November 2010). "Eyeing Iran, Israel slates missile shield for 2015". Ynet news.
  29. (7 September 2008). "Israel Asks US to Support Arrow-3".
  30. Opall-Rome, Barbara. (9 November 2009). "Israeli Experts: Arrow-3 Could Be Adapted for Anti-Satellite Role".
  31. (7 September 2018). "First Arrow-3 anti-ballistic missile canister delivered to IAI". Defense World.
  32. Binnie, Jeremy. (2013). "Israeli BMD facility details revealed". [[Jane's Information Group]].
  33. Frenkel, Sheera. (3 June 2013). "U.S. publishes details of missile base Israel wanted kept secret". [[Miami Herald]].
  34. Heller, Jeffrey. (18 January 2017). "Israel deploys 'Star Wars' missile killer system". [[Reuters]].
  35. Fabian, Emanuel. (31 October 2023). "Red Sea long-range missile intercepted by Arrow system — IDF".
  36. (31 October 2023). "Israel uses 'Arrow' aerial defense system for first time in war to intercept missile".
  37. (6 November 2023). "Israel downing Houthi missile is first instance of space warfare".
  38. Krishnasai, C. (1 November 2023). "Israel shows its air prowess, uses Arrow 3 'missile-killer' for first time to intercept Houthi rockets".
  39. Fabian, Emanuel. (31 October 2023). "In first, Arrow downs Eilat-bound missile from 'Red Sea area'; Houthis claim attack".
  40. Fabian, Emanuel. (9 November 2023). "Israel's Arrow 3 has made its 1st-ever interception, downing likely Yemen-fired missile".
  41. Rothwell, James. (2024-04-13). "The Shahed drone: Iran's low-cost but deadly weapon of choice". The Telegraph.
  42. (2024-09-27). "Houthis target Tel Aviv, surrounding areas in overnight missile attack".
  43. (2024-09-15). "Yemen's Houthis fire missile at central Israel, missile breaks up within Israeli airspace".
  44. "Germany mulls purchase of Israel's Arrow 3 anti-ballistic missile system".
  45. (14 June 2023). "'Arrow 3'-System - Raketen-Abwehrschirm aus Israel soll Deutschland schützen".
  46. Heiming, Gerhard. (26 June 2023). "Bundestag billigt Beschaffung von Raketenabwehrsystem Arrow 3".
  47. (17 August 2023). "USA billigen Verkauf von Arrow 3 an Deutschland". Der Spiegel.
  48. Brown. (17 August 2023). "Israel says US approves record-breaking Arrow missile defense deal to Germany". CNN.
  49. "Germany activates first elements of Arrow 3 missile defence system bought from Israel". Euronews.
  50. (2025-12-17). "Germany invests in Israel's Arrow defense system {{!}} The Jerusalem Post".
  51. Zomer, Navit. (2025-12-17). "Israel Aerospace Industries secures second multibillion-dollar Arrow 3 sale to Germany". Ynetglobal.
  52. (4 October 2021). "Azerbaijan may purchase Hetz 3 anti-ballistic missile system from Israel".

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anti-ballistic-missiles-of-israelemergency-management-in-israelisrael-aerospace-industries-missilesmissile-defense21st-century-surface-to-air-missilesmlm-productsmilitary-equipment-introduced-in-the-2010sisrael–united-states-military-relations