Anzia

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Genus of fungi

title: "Anzia" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["lecanorales-genera", "parmeliaceae", "lichen-genera", "taxa-described-in-1861", "taxa-named-by-ernst-stizenberger"] description: "Genus of fungi" topic_path: "general/lecanorales-genera" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anzia" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fungi ::

| image = Anzia colpodes.jpg | image_alt = Sprigs of lichen on rocks | image_caption = Anzia colpodes | taxon = Anzia | authority = Stizenb. (1861) | type_species = Anzia colpodes | type_species_authority = (Ach.) Stizenb. (1862) | synonyms_ref = | synonyms = *Chondrospora A.Massal. (1860)

Anzia is a genus of foliose lichens known as black-foam lichens in the large family Parmeliaceae. It was formerly included in the monogeneric family Anziaceae, but this has since been subsumed into the Parmeliaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by Ernst Stizenberger in 1862, with Anzia colpodes assigned as the type species. This lichen was originally described as Lichen colpodes by Erik Acharius in 1799. The genus name honours Martino Anzi (1812–1883), an Italian botanist and professor of theology.

In 1932, Yasuhiko Asahina divided the genus into three sections (Simplices, Duplices, and Nervosae) based on the structure of the medulla. When Isao Yoshimura later observed that Anzia japonica had two medulla types in a single species (i.e. both a single-layered and a double-layered medulla), he combined sections Simplices and Duplices into section Anziae.

Description

Members of Anzia have a foliose growth form, with a thallus that can measure anywhere from 2 – wide. The narrow lobes that comprise the thallus are pale greyish white to greyish green in colour. It is one of the only groups in the family not to have eight spores in each ascus, but instead has numerous spores in each ascus (varying slightly from ascus to ascus). These ascospores are crescent shaped. A characteristic of the genus is the presence of a brown-black or pale brown spongy cushion called a spongiostratum, which covers the lower surface.

Pannoparmelia also has a spongiostratum, but in this genus the asci contain eight ascospores, and the upper cortex is yellow-green.

Distribution

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, but is concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in Japan. Species of Anzia are typically found at eletvations between 1000 and in subtropical or temperate latitudes of both hemispheres. They show a strong preference for growing on tree bark, particularly on Pinus (pine), Quercus (oak), and Rhododendron species. In montane and subalpine regions, they can also be found on Abies (fir), Picea (spruce), and occasionally on other woody substrates. While most species are epiphytic (growing on bark), some can rarely be found growing on rock surfaces in temperate mountain environments.

Evolutionary history

A fossilized Anzia, Anzia electra, was found in 35–40 Myr-old Baltic amber. Its features suggest that the main distinguishing characteristics in the thallus morphology of section Anzia have been retained for tens of millions of years.

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Anzia_entingiana_by_Peter_de_Lange.jpg" caption="''Anzia entingiana''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Anzia_ornata_4.jpg" caption="Side view of ''Anzia ornata'', showing the black spongiostratum on the lobe underside"] ::

References

References

  1. {{NGSWG
  2. (1799). "Lichenographiae Sueciae Prodromus". D.G. Björn.
  3. (1935). "''Anzia''-Arten aus Japan". Journal of Japanese Botany.
  4. (1937). "''Anzia''-Arten aus Japan mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der chemischen Bestandteile". Journal of Japanese Botany.
  5. (2007). "Testing morphology-based hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear ''RPB1'' gene". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.
  6. Elix, J.A.. (1997). "Further new species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycotina) from Australasia". Mycotaxon.
  7. (2007). "New species in the lichen family Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) from Australasia". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  8. Galloway, D.J.. (1978). "''Anzia'' and ''Pannoparmelia'' (Lichenes) in New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Botany.
  9. Galloway, D.J. (2007). Flora of New Zealand - Lichens - Revised 2nd Edition http://floraseries.landcareresearch.co.nz/pages/index.aspx
  10. (2012). "''Anzia mahaeliyensis'' and ''Anzia flavotenuis'', two new lichen species from Sri Lanka". The Lichenologist.
  11. (2012). "Contributions to the lichen flora of the Hengduan Mountains, China (5). ''Anzia rhabdorhiza'' (Parmeliaceae), a new species". The Bryologist.
  12. "Synonymy: ''Anzia'' Stizenb.". [[Species Fungorum]].
  13. (1992). "''Anzia centrifuga'', a new lichen species from Porto Santo, Madeira". Mycotaxon.
  14. (2012). "Gattungseponyme bei Flechten und Lichenicolen Pilzen". J. Cramer.
  15. Müller, J.. (1891). "Lichenologische Beiträge XXXIV". Flora (Regensburg).
  16. (2002). "Fossilised ''Anzia'' (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from European Tertiary amber". Mycological Research.
  17. (1861). "''Anzia'', eine neue Flechtengattung". Flora (Regensburg).
  18. (2015). "Taxonomic study of the genus ''Anzia'' (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycota) from Hengduan Mountains, China". The Lichenologist.
  19. (1987). "Taxonomy and speciation of ''Anzia'' and ''Pannoparmelia''". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.
  20. (1993). "The lichen genera ''Anzia'' and ''Pannoparmelia'' in Australia". Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory.
  21. (1995). "The lichen genus ''Anzia'' in New Guinea". Bibliotheca Lichenologica.

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lecanorales-generaparmeliaceaelichen-generataxa-described-in-1861taxa-named-by-ernst-stizenberger