Ansan

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City in Gyeonggi, South Korea

title: "Ansan" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["ansan", "cities-in-gyeonggi-province", "populated-places-established-in-1986", "planned-communities-in-south-korea", "1986-establishments-in-south-korea"] description: "City in Gyeonggi, South Korea" topic_path: "geography" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansan" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary City in Gyeonggi, South Korea ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameAnsan
native_name안산시
settlement_typeSpecific city
translit_lang1Korean
translit_lang1_type1Hangul
translit_lang1_info1안산시
translit_lang1_type2Hanja
translit_lang1_info2安山市
translit_lang1_type3Revised Romanization
translit_lang1_type4McCune–Reischauer
translit_lang1_info3Ansan-si
translit_lang1_info4Ansan-si
image_skyline{{multiple image
caption_aligncenter
borderinfobox
total_width300
perrow1/2/2
colorwhite
image1Ansan Culture Plaza.jpg
caption1Ansan Culture Square
image2Ansan Reed Marshy Park.jpg
caption2Ansan Reed Marshy Park
image3230903 최용신기념관.jpg
caption3Choi Yongshin Memorial Hall
image4Ansan lake park.jpg
caption4Ansan Lake Park
image5Erica campus main gate.jpg
caption5Hanyang University ERICA campus
image_blank_emblemAnsan logo.png
blank_emblem_typeEmblem of Ansan
image_mapGyeonggi-Ansan.svg
map_captionLocation in South Korea
coordinates
subdivision_typeCountry
subdivision_nameSouth Korea
subdivision_type1Region
subdivision_name1Gyeonggi Province (Sudogwon)
established_titleFirst mention
established_date940
established_title1City status
established_date11986
leader_titleMayor
leader_nameLee Min-Geun
(People Power Party)
parts_typeAdministrative divisions
parts2 gu, 25 dong
area_total_km2149.39
elevation_m9
population_total614,772
population_as_ofjuly 2025
population_density_km2auto
population_blank1_titleDialect
population_blank1Seoul
postal_code_typePostal code
postal_code425020-426910
area_code(+82) 31
blank_nameBird
blank_infoChinese egret
blank1_nameFlower
blank1_infoRose
blank2_nameTree
blank2_infoGinkgo
websiteansan.go.kr
image_flagFlag of Ansan.svg
::

| name = Ansan | native_name = 안산시 | settlement_type = Specific city | translit_lang1 = Korean | translit_lang1_type1 = Hangul | translit_lang1_info1 = 안산시 | translit_lang1_type2 = Hanja | translit_lang1_info2 = 安山市 | translit_lang1_type3 = Revised Romanization | translit_lang1_type4 = McCune–Reischauer | translit_lang1_info3 = Ansan-si | translit_lang1_info4 = Ansan-si | image_skyline = {{multiple image | caption_align = center | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | perrow = 1/2/2 | color = white | image1 = Ansan Culture Plaza.jpg | caption1 = Ansan Culture Square | image2 = Ansan Reed Marshy Park.jpg | caption2 = Ansan Reed Marshy Park | image3 = 230903 최용신기념관.jpg | caption3 = Choi Yongshin Memorial Hall | image4 = Ansan lake park.jpg | caption4 = Ansan Lake Park | image5 = Erica campus main gate.jpg | caption5 = Hanyang University ERICA campus | image_caption = | image_blank_emblem = Ansan logo.png | blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ansan | image_map = Gyeonggi-Ansan.svg | map_caption = Location in South Korea | coordinates = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = South Korea | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Gyeonggi Province (Sudogwon) | established_title = First mention | established_date = 940 | established_title1 = City status | established_date1 = 1986 | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Lee Min-Geun (People Power Party) | parts_type = Administrative divisions | parts = 2 gu, 25 dong | area_total_km2 = 149.39 | elevation_m = 9 | population_total = 614,772 | population_as_of = july 2025 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Dialect | population_blank1 = Seoul | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 425020-426910 | area_code = (+82) 31 | blank_name = Bird | blank_info = Chinese egret | blank1_name = Flower | blank1_info = Rose | blank2_name = Tree | blank2_info = Ginkgo | website = ansan.go.kr | official_name = | image_flag = Flag of Ansan.svg Ansan (, ) is a city in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies southwest of Seoul and is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area. It is connected to Seoul by rail via Seoul Subway Line 4. It is situated on the Yellow Sea coast and some islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island.

Several higher learning institutions are located in Ansan. They include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, the ERICA campus of Hanyang University, and the Seoul Institute of the Arts. The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency, has also been headquartered in Ansan since June 3, 2002. With its high number of foreign workers, Wongokbon-dong has been designated as a multicultural area. In 2021, Ansan was selected as the largest residential area for foreigners and it is seeking designation as a special multicultural city. Street play festival is held every year in Ansan.

History

Ancient era

The first humans in Ansan were in the New Stone Age, and many shell middens and prehistoric remains were found at Oido, Sihwaho, Chojidong and Daebudo. In the Seonbu-dong and Wolpi-dong area, over 10 stone dolmen tombs could be found. Also in 1995, Old Stone Age relics were found while constructing the Seohaean Expressway. Most dolmens in Ansan are north dolmen, but the dolmen in Seonbu-dong are table-shaped and another table-shaped tomb was found in Hakon-dong, Gwangmyeong. There are many ancient relics found in the city.

Three Kingdoms and Goryeo eras

Not much evidence or antiquities survive from the Proto-Three Kingdoms and Samhan periods in Ansan and nearby areas. Ansan was in communion with Baekje but very little has been saved.

In the Later Three Kingdoms era, the Ansan area was owned by Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo, "Later Goguryeo") in Silla Hyogong's 4th year (AD 900). After then, Kung Ye, who was the ruler of Taebong, was overthrown by Taejo, and the Ansan area was turned over to Goryeo, founded by Taejo. First, the Kung Ye Ganggu-gun was changed to Ansan-gun but the state of the military was preserved.

Joseon era

Ansan belonged to Gyeonggijwa-do (left Gyeonggi Province) in the Joseon period. Taejo's 5th year (AD 1396), Ansan-eoso (meaning Ansan fishery) that is now under the direct control of a detached building of Saongwon (the Department of foods and meals in the Joseon dynasty) was set up. After Gyeonggijwa-do and Gyeonggiwo-do (right Gyeonggi province) were unified in Taejong's 2nd year (AD 1402), Ansan was still called Ansan. Under Taejong's 13th year (AD 1413), the whole country was detached into eight provinces.

Modern era

Until 1914, Ansan and the southern part of today's Siheung consisted of Ansan County. In 1914, Ansan County was annexed to Siheung County. This region produced high-quality salt from ancient times and valuable marine products. Ansan was then a fishing village. In 1986, several towns of Hwaseong county became incorporated, representing the beginning of Ansan as a city. With currently over 600,000 residents, Ansan now has two distinct and separate districts: Danwon, which has 12 dongs as of 2009, and Sangnok, with 13.

Geography

Ansan is located in the southwest of Gyeonggi Province and is situated on the coast of the Yellow Sea (locally called West Sea), at . Portions of various Yellow Sea islands lie within its jurisdiction. The largest and best-known of these is Daebu Island, also known as "Daebudo".

Large portions of Ansan, over 100 sq miles, are reclaimed wetlands, part of the Saemangeum land reclamation project known as Ansan Reed Marshy Park.

Located at the south of the city (but within its jurisdiction) are islands of Daebudo and Pungdo. On land, the city boundaries are marked by the town of Gunpo to the east of Ansan, Anyang to north-east, Siheung to the north and Hwaseong to the south.

Climate

Ansan has a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen: Dwa) with cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. | location = Ansan (1993–2020 normals) | metric first = Y | single line = Y

| Jan high C = 2.3 | Feb high C = 5.2 | Mar high C = 11.1 | Apr high C = 17.8 | May high C = 23.4 | Jun high C = 27.4 | Jul high C = 29.4 | Aug high C = 30.6 | Sep high C = 26.6 | Oct high C = 20.4 | Nov high C = 12.4 | Dec high C = 4.5 | year high C = 17.6

| Jan mean C = -3.3 | Feb mean C = -0.6 | Mar mean C = 4.7 | Apr mean C = 11.0 | May mean C = 16.6 | Jun mean C = 21.4 | Jul mean C = 24.8 | Aug mean C = 25.5 | Sep mean C = 20.6 | Oct mean C = 13.5 | Nov mean C = 6.2 | Dec mean C = -0.9 | year mean C = 11.6

| Jan low C = -9.0 | Feb low C = -6.4 | Mar low C = -1.4 | Apr low C = 4.6 | May low C = 10.6 | Jun low C = 16.2 | Jul low C = 21.1 | Aug low C = 21.6 | Sep low C = 15.5 | Oct low C = 7.3 | Nov low C = 0.5 | Dec low C = -6.4 | year low C = 6.2

| precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 15.1 | Feb precipitation mm = 25.6 | Mar precipitation mm = 35.7 | Apr precipitation mm = 67.5 | May precipitation mm = 76.4 | Jun precipitation mm = 100.7 | Jul precipitation mm = 321.7 | Aug precipitation mm = 225.9 | Sep precipitation mm = 124.9 | Oct precipitation mm = 47.3 | Nov precipitation mm = 44.0 | Dec precipitation mm = 19.0 | year precipitation mm = 1103.8

| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 3.4 | Feb precipitation days = 3.8 | Mar precipitation days = 5.1 | Apr precipitation days = 6.3 | May precipitation days = 6.7 | Jun precipitation days = 7.3 | Jul precipitation days = 12.8 | Aug precipitation days = 11.2 | Sep precipitation days = 7.1 | Oct precipitation days = 4.9 | Nov precipitation days = 7.0 | Dec precipitation days = 5.4

| source = Korea Meteorological Administration | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129211110/https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf | archive-date = 29 January 2022 | url = https://data.kma.go.kr/resources/normals/pdf_data/korea_pdf_0106_v2.pdf | title = Climatological Normals of Korea (1991 ~ 2020) | publisher = Korea Meteorological Administration | access-date = 7 June 2023 | language = ko}}

Demographics

According to the South Korean Ministry of Justice, Ansan's Danwon District is the district which has the largest foreign population in Korea, with 68,119 residents followed by Siheung (66,103), Hwaseong (59,942), Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul (48,682), Guro-gu, Seoul (48,343), Pyeongtaek (42,243), and Asan, South Chungcheong (35,567 people). ::data[format=table title="'''Ansan City government report on foreign population January 2024'''"]

GroupPopulation
Chaoxianzu48,082
Chinese10,781
Uzbek10,118
Koryo saram7,631
Kazakh3,808
Vietnam2,415
Russian1,604
other11,930
::

Transportation

Railway

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/안산천의_밤.jpg" caption="Ansan Stream at night"] ::

The Ansan Line is a major rail line in Ansan and is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway as Line 4. Service connects from Oido to Jinjeop in Namyangju. The subway is also connected to the public bus system in Ansan. Previously, the first railroad in the city was the Suin Line which was opened by Korea under Japanese rule. In mid-2020, the Suin Bundang line started operations, connecting Suwon and Ansan which expanded the living space in Ansan.

;*Seoul Subway Line 4 (via Ansan Line) ;;(Gunpo) ← Banwol — Sangnoksu — Hanyang Univ. at Ansan — Jungang — Gojan — Choji — Ansan — Singiloncheon → (Siheung)

;*Seohae Line ;;Wonsi — Siu — Choji — Seonbu — Dalmi → (Siheung) → (Gimpo Airport) → (Goyang)

;*Suin–Bundang Line (via Ansan Line) ;;(Hwaseong) ← Sari — Hanyang Univ. at Ansan — Jungang — Gojan — Choji — Ansan — Singiloncheon → (Siheung)

Future expansion

Currently, Seohae Line starts from Ansan to Sosa station in Bucheon. But the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is extended to Goyang through Gimpo International Airport station. It was planned to be completed by 2023 and extended Seohae Line officially opened on 1 July 2023.

The Shin Ansan Line will connect Yeouido to Ansan in 2024. It will take only 30 minutes from Yeouido to Ansan Also, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is considering extending to Seoul Station.

; ;;Hanyang University — Ansan City Hall — Jungang — Seongpo — Jangha — Mokgam → (Gwangmyeong) → (Seoul)

Bus

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Ansan_Bus_Terminal.jpg" caption="Ansan Bus Terminal"] ::

The () near Ansan station provides daily bus service to Incheon International Airport and most cities in South Korea including Gimhae and Busan. Buses travel via Gimpo International Airport and Incheon International Airport. Express buses to Iksan, Dongdaegu, and Gwangju are also available. Near Sangnoksu station are buses going to Suwon station and Gangnam station. Ansan has 53 bus lines with 537 buses operating in and out of the city limits, connecting the city with Seoul and other outlying Gyeonggi cities. The Ansan transfer center also has express city buses, city buses, and intercity buses to link to Banwol industrial estate, Sihwa lake, and nearby cities.

Pedalro

Pedalro is a public bicycle system in Ansan. There are 101 Pedalro stations in Ansan. This is run on a membership basis. However, due to high cost for maintenance, Ansan discontinued the public bicycle service in 2021.

Public institutions

The Korea Transportation Safety Authority, a government agency in South Korea, is headquartered in Ansan. Other major institutions in Ansan include:

  • Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan Branch
  • Korea Elevator Safety Agency, Ansan Branch
  • Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Research Institute of Industrial Technology Convergence
  • Korea Rural Research Institute
  • Korea Testing Laboratory, Gyeonggi Branch
  • Metropolitan Air Quality Management Office

Administrative districts

The administrative district of Ansan is parted into 25 dong, 1187 tong, and 5884 ban. The extent of Ansan is 149.06 km2 (Sangnok-gu: 57.83 km2 Danwon-gu: 91.23 km2). The population standard was 281,829 households and 761,279 people at the end of 2012, of which the Korean citizen population was 715,108 with 43,465 foreigners recorded.

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/09-09-ansan-en.svg" caption="Larger map of the Ansan districts. Danwon District covers the west mainland part and stretches to the sea to cover Daebudo and Pungdo islands."] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/District_of_Ansan.jpg" caption="Ansan is composed of two districts: Sangnok District in the east and Danwon District in the west."] ::

::data[format=table] | | Borough | Administrative dong | Hangul (Korean) | Chinese character | extent | household | population | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Sangnok District 상록구 常綠區 | Il-dong | 일동 | 一洞 | 2.41 | 11,215 | 23,003 | | I-dong | 이동 | 二洞 | 2.44 | 13,884 | 22,466 | | | Sa 1-dong | 사1동 | 四洞 | 2.36 | 16,749 | 39,594 | | | Sa 2-dong | 사2동 | 3.65 | 12,740 | 36,395 | | | | Sa 3-dong | 사3동 | 3.68 | 7,147 | 20,835 | | | | Bono-dong | 본오동 | 本五洞 | 6.45 | 17,589 | 43,811 | | | Bono-2 dong | 본오2동 | 0.82 | 12,300 | 33,038 | | | | Bono-3 dong | 본오3동 | 1.1 | 9,992 | 25,268 | | | | Bugok-dong | 부곡동 | 釜谷洞 | 6.22 | 8,832 | 22,775 | | | Wolpi-dong | 월피동 | 月陂洞 | 5.54 | 17,394 | 35,681 | | | Seongpo-dong | 성포동 | 聲浦洞 | 1.7 | 9,767 | 30,250 | | | Banwol-dong | 반월동 | 半月洞 | 13.16 | 8,077 | 16,574 | | | Ansan-dong | 안산동 | 安山洞 | 8.36 | 3,842 | 10,026 | | | Danwon District 단원구 檀園區 | Wadong | 와동 | 瓦洞 | 3.23 | 19,372 | 36,020 | | Gojan-1 dong | 고잔1동 | 古棧洞 | 1.75 | 9,282 | 24,548 | | | Gojan-2 dong | 고잔2동 | 1.87 | 9,650 | 25,465 | | | | Hosu dong | 호수동 | 湖水洞 | 2.48 | 14,723 | 42,346 | | | Wongokbon-dong | 원곡본동 | 元谷洞 | 8.12 | 14,884 | 49,007 | | | Wongok-1 dong | 원곡1동 | 0.95 | 4,399 | 16,034 | | | | Wongok-2 dong | 원곡2동 | 0.56 | 5,323 | 17,058 | | | | Choji-dong | 초지동 | 草芝洞 | 21.16 | 17,720 | 45,416 | | | Seonbu-1 dong | 선부1동 | 仙府洞 | 0.86 | 7,544 | 16,880 | | | Seonbu-2 dong | 선부2동 | 2.07 | 11,619 | 27,390 | | | | Seonbu-3 dong | 선부3동 | 5.81 | 13,774 | 37,439 | | | | Dea-bu dong | 대부동 | 大阜洞 | 42.37 | 3,614 | 7,384 | | ::

Education

Ansan had Hyanggyo, nationally sponsored schools, throughout the Joseon period and Goryeo. Modern institutions of higher learning located in Ansan include Ansan University, Shin Ansan University, Seoul Institute of the Arts, and the ERICA campus of Hanyang University.

List of universities in Ansan:

There are 24 high schools, 29 middle schools, 54 elementary schools and 96 kindergartens in the city. Danwon High School in Ansan was particularly affected by the Sinking of the MV Sewol in 2014 as a large number of the passengers were students from the school, and city streets featured many ribbon memorials and other markers and ceremonies for the disaster. Ansan Seo Elementary School a.k.a. in Wongok-dong has a multicultural program with students from other countries, a rarity in South Korean education.

Economy

Because Ansan is a planned city built behind the Ansan Smart Hub following the government's industrial planning, the proportion of agriculture in the Ansan economy is very low. Meanwhile, as the government promoted a manufacturing industry plan in the Ansan area before Ansan was built, many people work in the manufacturing industry. There are two national industrial complexes, Banwol and Sihwa, as well as the local Banwol plating industrial complex.

Cultural institutions and heritage

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Walk_Path_along_Ansan_Canal.jpg" caption="Walking path along Ansan Canal in summer"] ::

In the past, Ansan had fewer attractions and a poor reputation due to its industrial and fishing roots, but the east side of the city has recently experienced several beautification projects. The canal systems which bisect the city have bicycling and walking paths, and are covered with roses, tulips, and cherry blossoms in spring. A community bicycle system sponsored by the city is also available for park access and riding. Nowadays, Ansan has many museums and galleries, such as the Ansan Culture and Arts Center, Seongho Memorial Hall, Danwon Sculpture Park, and Hwarang Public Garden. Ansan has run city bus tours for cultural heritage sightseeing since 2008.

Events

The Jet-mer-ri village deity is held every year in the Jet-mer-ri shrine to the village deity from 1984, and since 1987 the Beal-Mang-Sung art festival is held. Also, since 1991 the Danwon art festival and since 1996 the Sung-ho cultural festival is held. The Ansan Street Arts Festival is held in Ansan Culture Square in May since 2005. Other festivals in Ansan include:

  • Ansan Kim Hong-do Festival (September)
  • Ansan Daebu Island: The scent of ocean tulip festival (April)
  • Ansan Street Arts Festival (May)
  • Ansan Valley Rock Festival (July)
  • Byeolmangseong Art Festival (September)
  • Seongho Cultural Festival (May)

Historical monuments and structures

Historical monuments and structures in Ansan include:

Modern monuments and cultural institutions

Modern monuments and cultural institutions in Ansan include:

Parks and natural landmarks

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Ansan_Lake_Park.jpg" caption="Ansan Lake Park"] ::

Ansan is home to several parks, including:

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Ansan_Canal_through_Trees.jpg" caption="Ansan canal through trees"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Ansan_Canal,_South_Korea.jpg" caption="Ansan Canal, South Korea"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Ansan_Dutch_Garden_Roses.jpg" caption="Ansan Dutch Garden Roses"] ::

Sports

Large and small stadiums have been founded from the 1990s on in Ansan. Major sports events in the city take place at the Ansan Wa~ Stadium.

The city was home to Shinhan Bank S-Bird Woman's Basketball Team (member of the Women's Korean Basketball League). The team moved to Incheon in 2014. It was also a home to the now-defunct National League soccer club Ansan Hallelujah.

Ansan is also home to Ansan OK Financial Group Okman volleyball club. They are members of the V-League.

Ansan established a professional football team called the Ansan Greeners FC. In its first year, the team also received the "Plus Stadium" award and the "Full Stadium" award. At present (April 10, 2018), the Ansan Grinders FC has placed second.

Television series and films

Sister cities

Sister cities (foreign cities)

Sister cities (domestic cities)

Friendly cooperation cities

Mayors

  • 1st - Jeon Chang-seon (January 1, 1986 – February 10, 1988)
  • 2nd - Jang Ui-jin (February 11, 1988 – June 4, 1988)
  • 3rd - Lee Sang-yong (June 5, 1988 – December 26, 1989)
  • 4th - Lee Soo-yeong (December 27, 1989 – January 2, 1992)
  • 5th - Cho Gun-ho (January 3, 1992 – January 10, 1993)
  • 6th - Kim Tae-su (January 11, 1993 – October 5, 1994)
  • 7th - Choi Soon-sik (October 5, 1994 – June 30, 1995)
  • 8th - Song Jin-sub (July 1, 1995 – June 30, 1998)
  • 9th - Park Sung-gyu (July 1, 1998 – June 30, 2002)
  • 10th - Song Jin-sub (July 1, 2002 – June 30, 2006)
  • 11th - Park Joo-won (July 1, 2006 – June 30, 2010)
  • 12th - Kim Chul-min (July 1, 2010 – June 30, 2014)
  • 13th - Je Jong-geel (July 1, 2014 – June 30, 2018)
  • 14th - Yoon Hwa-seop (July 1, 2018~ June 30, 2022)
  • 15th - Lee Min-Geun (July 1, 2022~)

Notable people

Exchanges

  • Council of the National Multicultural City
  • Council of the National Lifelong Learning City
  • Metropolitan Mayor Nationwide Council

References

References

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  2. "Symbol". Ansan-si.
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  5. link. (2009-06-02)
  6. (2021-04-06). link
  7. Sin (신). Daegwang (대광). (2010). 부민문화사
  8. link. (1 April 2002)
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  10. {{lang. ko. 안산시 및 한양대학교 (2002년), 28쪽
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  14. {{rp. ko. 이병도 (1959년), 《한국사 - 고대편》에서.
  15. Shin (신). Chong-il (정일). (2004). Humanist
  16. Provisional changes including Guri and 11 cities and counties and permission of modification naming Naju.(1985.12.28.) from [[Constitution of the Republic of Korea]]
  17. "South Korea builds city from sea at wetland's expense".
  18. "Daebudo Island {{!}} Famous Spot {{!}} Tour Guide {{!}} Ansan".
  19. "Pungdo-ri, South Korea - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates".
  20. (11 March 2024). "The place where most foreigners live is 'Ansan'… The most common nationality is 'Chaoxianzu'". [[Maeil Broadcasting Network]].
  21. link. (12 November 2021)
  22. link. (1 July 2023)
  23. link. (2010-12-15)
  24. kim, jun-bum (reporter of kbs). (2015-08-17). "Shin Ansan line will connect from Yeouido to Ansan".
  25. link. (11 May 2020)
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  27. link
  28. link
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  32. [https://www.ktl.re.kr/eng/ContactUs/ContactUs_2/menu3/Con_gyeonggido_regional_office.do?menu_gubun=sub&menu_no=3&menu_no2=1&params=&language= Korea Testing Laboratory, Gyeonggi Branch]
  33. "Introduction - About Ansan - Ansan".
  34. link. (2 August 2012)
  35. "External page of Ansan University".
  36. "External page of Hanyang University".
  37. "External page of Seoul Institute of the Arts".
  38. "External page of Shin Ansan University".
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  40. "Ansan-si Hyeonhwang".
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