Amphinomidae

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Family of annelids

title: "Amphinomidae" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["polychaetes", "annelid-families"] description: "Family of annelids" topic_path: "general/polychaetes" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphinomidae" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Family of annelids ::

| fossil_range = | image = Bearded Fireworm (Small).jpg | image_caption = Hermodice carunculata | taxon = Amphinomidae | authority =

Amphinomidae, also known as the fireworms, bristle worms or sea mice, are a family of marine polychaetes, many species of which bear chaetae mineralized with carbonate. The best-known amphinomids are the fireworms, which can cause great pain if their toxin-coated chaetae are touched or trodden on. Their relationship to other polychaete groups is somewhat poorly resolved.

Complanine

Complanine is a quaternary ammonium salt that has been isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata. It causes an inflammatory effect upon contact with the skin or mucous membranes.

It was previously known that handling the fireworm caused it to release a chemical that induces inflammation of the skin of marine predators and mammals (including humans). Complanine was the first compound isolated from the fireworm which causes these effects. It is presumed that this compound's function is to deter predators of the fireworm.

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Chloeia_flava.jpg" caption="''[[Chloeia flava]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Cryptonome_conclava_-_Journal.pone.0053590.g003-d.png" caption="''[[Cryptonome conclava]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Eurythoe_complanata.jpg" caption="''[[Eurythoe complanata]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Hermodice_carunculata_(Bearded_Fireworm).jpg" caption="''[[Hermodice carunculata]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Puz_u_moru_3.jpg" caption="''[[Hermodice carunculata]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Notopygos_ornata_-_ZooKeys-223-069-g005-bottom.jpeg" caption="''[[Notopygos ornata]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Paramphinome_jeffreysii.jpg" caption="''[[Paramphinome jeffreysii]]''"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Pherecardia_striata.JPG" caption="''[[Pherecardia striata]]''"] ::

Most genera in *Amphinomidae * are divided into two subfamilies: Amphinominae, and Archinominae.

Amphinominae Lamarck, 1818

Archinominae Kudenov, 1991

Subfamily not assigned

Notes

References

References

  1. (2004). "Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology". Invertebrate Systematics.
  2. (1990). "A Colour Guide to Dangerous Animals". NUS Press.
  3. (2010). "A new deep-sea species of Chloeia (Polychaeta: Amphinomidae) from southern Brazil". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.
  4. (2008). "The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK.
  5. (2008). "Complanine, an inflammation-inducing substance isolated from the marine fireworm Eurythoe complanata". Org. Biomol. Chem..
  6. (2009). "(−)-Complanine, an inflammatory substance of marine fireworm: a synthetic study". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.
  7. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::

polychaetesannelid-families