Amauroderma

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Genus of fungi

title: "Amauroderma" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["amauroderma", "taxa-described-in-1905", "polyporales-genera", "taxa-named-by-william-alphonso-murrill"] description: "Genus of fungi" topic_path: "general/amauroderma" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amauroderma" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Genus of fungi ::

| image = Amauroderma rude 85581.jpg | image_caption = Amauroderma rude | taxon = Amauroderma | authority = Murrill (1905) | type_species = Amauroderma regulicolor | type_species_authority = (Berk. ex Cooke) Murrill (1905) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = about 70 species | synonyms_ref = | synonyms =

  • Amauroderma (Pat.) Torrend (1920)
  • Ganoderma sect. Amauroderma Pat. (1889)
  • Lazulinospora Burds. & M.J.Larsen (1974)
  • Magoderna Steyaert (1972)
  • Whitfordia Murrill (1908)

Amauroderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks.

The fruit bodies of Amauroderma fungi comprise a cap and a stipe, and are typically woody, leathery, or corky in texture. The spores produced are usually spherical or nearly so, with a characteristic double wall structure that features U-shaped thickenings.

Taxonomy

Amauroderma was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. He set Amauroderma regulicolor (previously known as Fomes regulicolor Berk. ex Cooke), collected from Cuba, as the type species. The name Amauroderma had been used previously by Narcisse Patouillard, when he proposed that Ganoderma be divided into the sections Ganoderma and Amauroderma. Patouillard described the characteristics of section Amauroderma as follows: "Spores globose or subglobose, devoid of truncated base, warty, woodruff or smooth; crust hat or dull stipe pruinose, rarely shining." In 1920, Torrend promoted Ganoderma sect. Amauroderma to generic status, with Amauroderma auriscalpium as the type. This resulted in an illegitimate homonym, as Murrill's earlier usage of the name has priority.

The generic name means "dark/dusky-skinned" (from grc, meaning "dark or dusky", and grc, meaning "skin").

Several studies using molecular phylogenetics have shown that Amauroderma, as currently circumscribed, is not a monophyletic taxon and will need to be revised.

Description

The fruit bodies of Amauroderma species are stipitate except in A. andina and may attain various shapes although centrally stipitate basidiocarps are most common. Several stipes may arise from the same base, frequently resulting in fused caps and compound fruit bodies. In section some fruit bodies are distinct with one or two distinct inner black bands or zones. The stipe is often duplex with an outer dense layer surrounding an inner softer or hollow core sometimes separated by a black band. In species with a distinct tomentum on the stipe, there is often a dark zone just below the tomentum of the cap. These zones are absent from some species with a pale stipe without a tomentum. However, when present they continue into the context and frequently there is also another zone stretching more or less horizontally across the context.

Most basidiospores of Amauroderma mushrooms have an inner ornamented wall on which there is a hyaline (translucent) epicutis, which is very thin and difficult to see in ordinary microscopic preparations. Mature basidiospores are pale-yellowish. An apiculus (a depressed area where the spore was once attached to the basidium via the sterigma) is often difficult to observe.

Chemistry

Amauroderma camerarium produces the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis protein that has been named amaurocine.

Habitat and distribution

Amauroderma is widespread in tropical areas. Twenty species have been recorded from Brazil; six have been confirmed in China. A collection of Amauroderma sprucei made in Florida in 2016 was the first recorded time that the genus has been collected in the United States.

Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. coltricioides, and A. calcigenum are examples of the genus that have been found fruiting on soil. Amauroderma schomburgkii is the most common neotropical species.

Species

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/2016-09-26_Amauroderma_Murrill_665907.jpg" caption="Unidentified ''Amauroderma'' found in Colombia"] ::

The tenth edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (2008) indicated that were about 30 species in the genus. , Index Fungorum accepts 68 species of Amauroderma.

References

Cited literature

References

  1. (2003). "Studies in neotropical polypores 15: new and interesting species from Guyana". Mycologia.
  2. (2007). "Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana". Synopsis Fungorum.
  3. Campacci, Thiago Vinicius Silva. (2009). "A review of ''Amauroderma'' in Brazil, with the new record of ''A. oblongisporum'' in the neotropics".
  4. (2013). "Species of ''Amauroderma'' (Ganodermataceae) in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil". Biotemas.
  5. Kirk PM.. "Species Fungorum (version 28th July 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life".
  6. Corner, E.J.H.. (1983). "Ad Polyporaceas I. ''Amauroderma'' and ''Ganoderma''".
  7. (2016). "''Amauroderma calcitum'' sp. nov. and notes on taxonomy and distribution of ''Amauroderma'' species (Ganodermataceae)". Phytotaxa.
  8. Doidge, E.M.. (1950). "The South African fungi and lichens to the end of 1945".
  9. (2016). "The first report of ''Amauroderma'' in Florida". Fungi.
  10. (2016). "Amaurocine: anti-''Trichomonas vaginalis'' protein produced by the basidiomycete ''Amauroderma camerarium''". Experimental Parasitology.
  11. (1990). "A new species of the genus ''Amauroderma''". Acta Mycologica Sinica.
  12. (1968). "Revisâo do gênero ''Amauroderma'' (Polyporaceae); Estudos baseados nas microestruturas do basidiocarpo". Universidade de São Paulo.
  13. (1981). "Taxonomy of ''Amauroderma'' (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae)".
  14. (2015). "Delimitation of taxa in ''Amauroderma'' (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) based in morphology and molecular phylogeny of Brazilian specimens". Phytotaxa.
  15. (2008). "Bresadola's polypore collection at the Natural History Museum of Trento, Italy. 2". Mycotaxon.
  16. (1998). "Two new species of ''Amauroderma'' (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycetes)". Mycologia Helvetica.
  17. Henao-M., L.G.. (1997). "Afiloforales de Colombia III: ''Amauroderma'' (Basidiomycetes: Ganodermataceae) en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano". Caldasia.
  18. Imazeki, R.. (1952). "A contribution to the fungous flora of Dutch New Guinea". Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Meguro.
  19. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.
  20. Murrill, William A.. (1908). "Additional Philippine Polyporaceae". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club.
  21. Otieno, N.C.. (1968). "Polyporaceae of eastern Africa: II. The genus ''Amauroderma'' Murrill". Sydowia.
  22. Patouillard, N.. (1889). "Le genre ''Ganoderma''". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France.
  23. (2008). "Dictionary of the Fungi". CAB International.
  24. Reid, D.A.. (1973). "A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch". South African Journal of Botany.
  25. Rick, J.. (1960). "Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul Brasilia. 4. Meruliaceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae". Iheringia.
  26. Ryvarden, L.. (1972). "A critical checklist of the Polyporaceae in tropical East Africa". Norwegian Journal of Botany.
  27. Ryvarden, L.. (1974). "Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 2. Species described by M. Beeli". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique.
  28. Ryvarden, L.. (1977). "Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 10. Species described by J.M. Berkeley, either alone or with other authors from 1844 to 1855". Norwegian Journal of Botany.
  29. (1990). "Type studies in the Polyporaceae. 22. Species described by C.G. Lloyd in ''Polyporus''". Mycotaxon.
  30. (2004). "Neotropical Polypores. Part 1. Introduction, Hymenochaetaceae and Ganodermataceae".
  31. (2016). "Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of ''Amauroderma'' (Basidiomycota) from China". Phytotaxa.
  32. Steyaert, R.L.. (1972). "Species of ''Ganoderma'' and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria". Persoonia.
  33. Torrend, C.. (1920). "Les Polyporacées du Brésil. I. Polyporacées stipités". Brotéria Série Botânica.
  34. "Synonymy: ''Amauroderma Murrill''". Species Fungorum. CAB International.
  35. Wakefield, E.M.. (1917). "Fungi exotici. XXIII". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informations of the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew.
  36. Wakefield, E.M.. (1934). "Contributions to the flora of tropical America. XXI". Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informations of the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew.
  37. (1948). "Descriptions of some new Hymenomycetes". Bothalia.
  38. (1979). "中国灵芝亚科的分类研究". Acta Microbiologica Sinica.
  39. (1987). "Studies on the taxonomy of Ganodermataceae in China VI". Acta Mycologica Sinica.
  40. Sapphire McMullan-Fisher. (2014). "Australian Subtropical Fungi". Suncoast Fungi.

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