Al-Ruways

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title: "Al-Ruways" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["arab-villages-depopulated-during-the-1948-arab–israeli-war", "district-of-acre", "1948-disestablishments-in-israel"] topic_path: "geography/israel" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ruways" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox settlement"]

FieldValue
nameAl-Ruways
native_nameالرويس
native_name_langar
other_nameal-Ruweis
settlement_typeFormer village
image_captionThe cemetery of al-Ruways, 2010
etymology"The little hilltop", or "headland"
pushpin_mapMandatory Palestine
pushpin_mapsize200
coordinates
grid_namePalestine grid
grid_position167/252
subdivision_typeGeopolitical entity
subdivision_nameMandatory Palestine
subdivision_type1Subdistrict
subdivision_name1Acre
established_title1Date of depopulation
established_date1July 15–16, 1948
established_title2Repopulated dates
area_footnotes
unit_prefdunam
area_total_dunam1,163
population_as_of1945
population_total330
blank_name_sec1Cause(s) of depopulation
blank_info_sec1Military assault by Yishuv forces
::

| name = Al-Ruways | native_name = الرويس | native_name_lang = ar | other_name = al-Ruweis | settlement_type = Former village | image_caption = The cemetery of al-Ruways, 2010 | etymology = "The little hilltop", or "headland" | pushpin_map = Mandatory Palestine | pushpin_map_caption = Location within Mandatory Palestine | image_map = | map_caption = A series of historical maps of the area around Al-Ruways (click the buttons) | pushpin_mapsize = 200 | coordinates = | grid_name = Palestine grid | grid_position = 167/252 | subdivision_type = Geopolitical entity | subdivision_name = Mandatory Palestine | subdivision_type1 = Subdistrict | subdivision_name1 = Acre | established_title1 = Date of depopulation | established_date1 = July 15–16, 1948 | established_title2 = Repopulated dates | area_footnotes = | unit_pref = dunam | area_total_dunam = 1,163 | population_as_of = 1945 | population_total = 330 | blank_name_sec1 = Cause(s) of depopulation | blank_info_sec1 = Military assault by Yishuv forces

Al-Ruways (), was a Palestinian Arab village on a rocky hill located 12 km southeast of Acre and south of the village of al-Damun. Its population in 1945 was 330. Al-Ruways was depopulated following its capture by Israeli forces during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

History

Middle Ages

Al-Ruways stood on the site of the Crusader town of Careblier, which was also referred to by the Crusaders as Roeis. In 1220, Beatrix de Courtenay and her husband Count Otto von Botenlauben, Henneberg, sold their land, including Roeis’, to the Teutonic Knights. However, they appeared not to have sole ownership, as in 1253 John Aleman, Lord of Caesarea, sold several villages, including Roeis, to the Knights Hospitaller. In 1266, a Crusader vanguard returning from a raid in Tiberias to Acre was ambushed at Roeis by Mamluk forces based in Safad. In 1283 it was mentioned as part of the domain of the Crusaders in the hudna (truce) between the Acre-based Crusaders and the Mamluk sultan al-Mansur Qalawun.

Based on tradition, the people of the village professed to have blood relations with Husam ad-Din Abu al-Hija. Hussam ad-Din was a high-ranking officer in the Ayyubid army of Sultan Saladin.

Ottoman era

French explorer Victor Guérin visited al-Ruways in 1875, and noted that the village contained "150 people at most, whose homes are located on a hill, amid gardens filled with fig, pomegranate and olive trees, and here and there are palm trees".

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described al-Ruways as being situated on open ground with olive groves to the north of the village. Its population of 400 was entirely Muslim.

A population list from about 1887 showed that Ruweis had about 190 inhabitants; all Muslims.

British Mandate era

Under the British Mandate of Palestine in the early twentieth century, al-Ruways was one of the smallest villages in the District of Acre. In the 1922 census Al-Ruways had a population of 154; all Muslims, increasing in the 1931 census to 217, still all Muslim, in a total of 44 houses. and consisting of two quarters.

The village had a mosque. Its children attended school in nearby al-Damun. The inhabitants' drinking water came from domestic wells, and they primarily grew wheat, corn, sesame, watermelons, and olives.

In the 1945 statistics the population of al-Ruways was 330 Muslims, while built-up areas consisted of 15 dunams.

Israeli rule

On 18 July 1948, two days after Nazareth was occupied by Israel's Seventh Armored Brigade in Operation Dekel, some units advanced into the Western Galilee and captured a number of Arab villages, one of which was al-Ruways. The inhabitants fled after bombardment and the fall of major towns in the vicinity, namely Shefa-'Amr and Nazareth. Following the war the area was incorporated into the State of Israel. According to Palestinian historian Walid Khalidi, "the site is deserted. The debris of old wells and cement roofs is strewn of over the site, which is otherwise covered by a forest of eucalyptus trees and cactus." By 1992 there were no villages on al-Ruways land, but the surrounding area was cultivated by residents of kibbutz Yas'ur.

Notes

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |author=Al-Maqrizi |author-link=Al-Maqrizi |title=Histoire des sultans mamlouks, de l'Égypte, écrite en arabe |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_M7oWAAAAQAAJ |volume=2 |others=Translator: Étienne Marc Quatremère |year=1845 |publisher= Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland |location=Paris |language=fr, la}} (pp. 179-185, 224-235.)
  • {{cite journal | author = Barag, Dan | title = A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|jstor = 27925726 | journal = Israel Exploration Journal | volume = 29 | year = 1979 | issue = 3/4| pages = 197–217}}
  • {{cite book |title=Sacred Landscape: The Buried History of the Holy Land since 1948 |first=M.|last=Benvenisti|author-link=Meron Benvenisti |publisher=University of California Press|date=2000 |url=http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8205/8205.ch05.html|access-date=2008-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060904163907/http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8205/8205.ch05.html|archive-date=2006-09-04 |url-status=dead}}
  • {{cite book |title=The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187-1274 |first=Judith|last=Bronstein |publisher=Boydell Press|date=2005|isbn=978-1-84383-131-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVFpbui2E8QC&q=Careblier&pg=PA152}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder |last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener |year=1881 |url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft |title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London |publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund |volume=1}}
  • {{cite journal | author = Conder, C.R.| author-link=Claude Reignier Conder | title = Norman Palestine | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 22 | pages = 29–37 | url = https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme21pale| year = 1890 | doi=10.1179/peq.1890.22.1.29}} (p. 35)
  • {{cite book | last= Dauphin |first = C.|author-link= Claudine Dauphin | title = La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ |volume = III : Catalogue | series = BAR International Series 726 | year = 1998 | publisher = Archeopress | location = Oxford|language =fr |isbn= 0-860549-05-4}} (p. 663)
  • {{cite book |last=Delaville Le Roulx|first=J.|author-link = Joseph Delaville Le Roulx |title= Les archives, la bibliothèque et le trésor de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem à Malte |url=https://archive.org/details/lesarchiveslabib00dela |year=1883|publisher= E. Leroux |location= Paris |language=fr, la}}
  • {{cite book |title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
  • {{cite book |last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin |title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine |url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1 |year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale |location=Paris |language=fr}}
  • {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2008-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08 |url-status=dead}}
  • {{cite book |title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ |first=W.|last=Khalidi|author-link=Walid Khalidi |year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies |isbn=0-88728-224-5}}
  • {{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
  • {{cite book |last=Morris|first=B.|author-link=Benny Morris |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004 |isbn=0-521-00967-7}}
  • {{cite book |last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer |year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft |title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer |publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
  • {{cite book |last=Röhricht|first=R.|author-link=Reinhold Röhricht |title= (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) |url=https://archive.org/details/regestaregnihie00rhgoog|year=1893 |publisher=Libraria Academica Wageriana|location=Berlin |language=la}}
  • {{cite journal | last = Schumacher | first =G.| author-link = Gottlieb Schumacher | title = Population list of the Liwa of Akka | journal = Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund | volume = 20 | pages = 169–191 | url =https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale | year = 1888}}
  • {{cite book |editor-last=Strehlke | editor-first = E.| editor-link = Ernst Strehlke |title=Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici ex tabularii regii Berolinensis codice potissimum |url=https://archive.org/details/tabulaeordinist00stregoog|year=1869|publisher= Weidmanns |location=Berlin}}

References

  1. Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/115/mode/1up 115].
  2. Morris, 2004, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR17 xvii], village #91. Also gives the cause of depopulation.
  3. Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p04.jpg 4]
  4. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Acre/Page-041.jpg 41].
  5. Khalidi, 1992, p. 28.
  6. Frankel, 1988, p. 264.
  7. Strehlke, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/tabulaeordinist00stregoog#page/n59/mode/1up 43]- 44, No. 53; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n254/mode/1up 248], No. 934; cited in Frankel, 1988, p. 264.
  8. Delaville Le Roulx, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/lesarchiveslabib00dela#page/184/mode/1up 184]; cited in Clermont-Ganneau, 1888, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/RecueilDarcheologieOrientaletome1/Recueil_d_archologie_orientale-8#page/n332/mode/1up 309] -310; cited in Röhricht, 1893, RRH, p. [https://archive.org/stream/regestaregnihie00rhgoog#page/n325/mode/1up 319], No. 1210.
  9. Bronstein, 2005, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vVFpbui2E8QC&pg=PA46 46].
  10. From [[Ahmad al-Qalqashandi. al-Qalqashandi]]´s version of the ''hudna'', referred in Barag, 1979, p. 207.
  11. Benvenisti, 2000, p. [https://archive.org/details/sacredlandscapeb00benvrich/page/n224 195].
  12. Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n444/mode/1up 431]
  13. Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up 271]. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 28
  14. Schumacher, 1888, p. [https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n201/mode/1up 176]
  15. Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Acre, p.[https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n39/mode/1up 37].
  16. Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 102].
  17. who owned 1,163 [[dunam]]s of land according to an official land and population survey. 222 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 844 used for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Acre/Page-081.jpg 81].
  18. Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Acre/Page-131.jpg 131].
  19. Khalidi, 1992, p. 29
  20. Morris, 2004, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PA421 421]-423.

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arab-villages-depopulated-during-the-1948-arab–israeli-wardistrict-of-acre1948-disestablishments-in-israel