Akoko language

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Volta–Niger dialect cluster of Nigeria

title: "Akoko language" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["volta–niger-languages"] description: "Volta–Niger dialect cluster of Nigeria" topic_path: "linguistics" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akoko_language" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Volta–Niger dialect cluster of Nigeria ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox language"]

FieldValue
name(North) Akoko
nativenameArigidi
statesNigeria
regionOndo State, Kogi State, Ekiti State, Edo State
speakers48,000
date1992
refe18
familycolorNiger-Congo
fam2Atlantic–Congo
fam3Volta–Niger
fam4
iso3aqg
glottoarig1246
glottorefnameArigidi
::

|name=(North) Akoko |nativename=Arigidi |states=Nigeria |region=Ondo State, Kogi State, Ekiti State, Edo State |speakers=48,000 |date=1992 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Niger-Congo |fam2=Atlantic–Congo |fam3=Volta–Niger |fam4= |iso3=aqg |glotto=arig1246 |glottorefname=Arigidi

North Akoko, usually abbreviated as Akoko and also known as Arigidi, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria. It is a branch of the YEAI ("Yoruba–Edo–Akoko–Igbo") () group of the Niger–Congo languages. It is spoken in the Akoko Edo, and the LGAs of Akoko North East, Akoko North West, Ekiti East, and Ijumu (Ethnologue).

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/A_short_oral_history_of_Arigidi_in_Arigidi_language_by_its_native_speaker.webm" caption="A short introductory expose of Arigidi in Arigidi language by a native speaker"] ::

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Short_oral_history_of_Oke-agbe_in_Oke-agbe_language_by_its_native_speaker.webm" caption="A short introductory expose of Oke-agbe in Oke-agbe language by a native speaker"] ::

Varieties

Akokoid varieties include Arigidi, Erúṣú, Oyín, Ìgáṣí Eṣé, Urò, Ọ̀jọ̀, Àfá, Ògè, Ìdò, and Àjè.

Below is a list of Arigidi language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).

::data[format=table]

LanguageAlternate spellingsOwn name for languageEndonym(s)Other names (location-based)SpeakersLocation(s)
Arigidi clusterOndo State, Akoko North LGA; Kwara State, Kogi LGA
AfaỌ̀wọ̀n ÀfáÀfáOke–AgbeOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Affa section
ArigidiArìgìdíOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Arigidi town
EruṣuErusu, ErushuErúṣúOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Eruṣu town
EseỌ̀wọ̀n ÈséÈséAje, Oke–AgbeOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Ese section
IgaṣiIgashi, IgasiỌ̀wọ̀n ÌgáṣíÌgàshí45,000 (1986)Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Igaṣi town
OgeỌ̀wọ̀ ÒgèÒgeOke–AgbeOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Oge section
ỌjọOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Ajọwa town
OyinOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Oyin–Akoko town
UdoIdoỌ̀wọ̀n ÙdòOke–AgbeOndo State, Akoko North LGA, Oke–Agbe town, Udo section
Uro3,000 (1986)Ondo State, Akoko North LGA, Uro–Ajọwa town
::

Internal classification

The internal classification of Akokoid language varieties is given by Fadoro (2010) as:

;Akokoid

  • Arigidi
    • Arigidi
    • Erushu
  • Ọ̀wọ̀n
    • varieties in Oke Agbe
      • Afa
      • Aje
      • Udo
      • Oge
    • varieties outside Oke Agbe
      • Oyin
      • Igashi
      • Uro

Arigidi and Erushu are mutually intelligible with each other; varieties spoken in Oke Agbe with each other; and varieties spoken outside Oke Agbe with each other. However, these three groups are not mutually intelligible with each other.

Reconstructions

The following list of Proto-Akokoid reconstructions is from Blench (n.d.).

:{| class="wikitable sortable" ! Gloss !! Proto-Akokoid |- | head || *igírí |- | hair || *icírí |- | eye || *íjù |- | ear || *útó |- | nose || *úwɔ̃́ |- | mouth || *odòrũ |- | tooth || *eɲĩ |- | tongue || *írɛ̃́ |- | jaw || *àmgbà |- | chin || *ùlɛ, *olò |- | beard || *ìlɛ̀ |- | neck || *ògúgɔ̀ |- | breast || *íkpɔ |- | heart || *ɛ̀gɛ̀, *ɔkɔ̃̀ |- | belly || *ìgɔ |- | stomach || |- | navel || *ípɔ̃́ |- | back || *òsũ |- | arm, hand || *úwɔ́ |- | nail || *íŋgà |- | buttocks || *imbɔ̃̀ |- | penis || *ìndù |- | vagina || |- | thigh || #koko |- | leg || *ùhò |- | knee || *igɔ̀ |- | body || *ìji |- | skin || *àla |- | bone || *íkpĩ |}

References

References

  1. Fadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. ''Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid''. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan.
  2. Oshodi, Boluwaji. 2012. [http://llacan.vjf.cnrs.fr/fichiers/nigercongo/abstracts/oshodi_adekunle.pdf The Arigidi Cluster: an Internal Re-classification]. Towards Proto-Niger-Congo: Comparison and Reconstruction (International Congress), 18–21 September 2012, Paris.
  3. Blench, Roger. (2019). "An Atlas of Nigerian Languages". Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
  4. Fadọrọ, Jacob Oludare. 2010. ''Phonological and lexical variations in Akokoid''. Doctoral dissertation, [[University of Ibadan]].
  5. Blench, Roger. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/VN/Akokoid/Comparative%20Akokoid.pdf Comparative Akokoid].

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volta–niger-languages