AK-630

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Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system

title: "AK-630" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["30-mm-artillery", "rotary-cannon", "soviet-inventions", "close-in-weapon-systems", "naval-anti-aircraft-guns", "cold-war-weapons-of-the-soviet-union", "anti-aircraft-guns-of-the-soviet-union", "naval-guns-of-the-soviet-union", "kbp-instrument-design-bureau-products", "tulamashzavod-products", "military-equipment-introduced-in-the-1970s"] description: "Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system" topic_path: "history/military" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-630" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::summary Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system ::

::data[format=table title="Infobox weapon"]

Field	Value
name	AK-630
image	AK-630 30 mm naval CIWS gun.JPEG
caption	One of two AK-630M installations on the former East-German ship
origin	Soviet Union, Russia
type	Close-in weapon system
Rotary cannon
	is_ranged
is_explosive	YES
is_artillery	YES
is_vehicle	YES
	service
used_by	See Operators
wars
designer	Developer:
TsKIB SOO (Mikhail Knebelman;
Vasily Bakalev (AK-630M1-2))
Cannon:
KBP Instrument Design Bureau
(Vasily Gryazev, Arkady Shipunov)
Vympel MR-123,
Vympel-A MR-123/176
Ametist Design Bureau:
Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03,
Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176
design_date	1963–1973 (AK-630)
*Tulamashzavod Gun and Shell Factory<ref name	MRUS/
*Advanced Weapons and Equipment India{{cite news	title
production_date	1972–present
number	More than 1000
variants	AK-630M, AK-630M1;
AK-306 (non-CIWS);
AK-630M1-2, AK-630M-2 Duet
weight	Gun Mount:
1000 kg (AK-630)
2500 kg (AK-630M-2)
External nodes:
800 kg (AK-630)
2000 rounds in belt:
1918 kg
Fire Control System:
? (Vympel MR-123)
? (Vympel-A MR-123/176)
5.2 tonne
(Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03
and Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176)
1 tonne (Laska 5P-10E)
part_length	1629 mm (total)
1460 mm (rifled)
width	1240 mm (mount ring)
height	1070 mm (above deck)
2050 mm (below deck)
crew	1
	cartridge
cartridge_weight	0.39 kg
caliber	30×165mm AO-18Not compatible with the army 30×165mm ammunition – different primers, powder sorts and loads, and fuzes are used.
barrels	6 (AK-630M)
6 (× 2) (AK-630M1-2)
action	Gas-operated rotary cannon
rate	4,000–5,000 rounds/min (AK-630M)
10,000 rounds/min (AK-630M1-2)
velocity	880 –
range	4000 m (aerial)
max_range	Projectiles self-destruct past 5000 m
feed	Belt:
2,000 rounds (additional 1,000 rounds in reserve feed bin, AK-630M)
4,000 rounds (AK-630M1-2)
sights	Radar / TV-optical
elevation	+88° ... -12° (50°/sec)
traverse	±180° (70°/sec)
±180° (80°/sec) AK-630M-2
yield
primary_armament	1 or 2 AO-18 autocannons
secondary_armament	4 9A4172 missiles (Vikhr-K upgrade)
::

| is_ranged = YES | is_explosive = YES | is_artillery = YES | is_vehicle = YES

| service = 1976–present | used_by = See Operators | wars = | designer = Developer: TsKIB SOO (Mikhail Knebelman; Vasily Bakalev (AK-630M1-2)) Cannon: KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Vasily Gryazev, Arkady Shipunov) Vympel MR-123, Vympel-A MR-123/176 Ametist Design Bureau: Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03, Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176 | design_date = 1963–1973 (AK-630) | manufacturer =

Tulamashzavod Gun and Shell Factory
Advanced Weapons and Equipment India | unit_cost = | production_date = 1972–present | number = More than 1000 | variants = AK-630M, AK-630M1; AK-306 (non-CIWS); AK-630M1-2, AK-630M-2 Duet

| spec_label = | weight = Gun Mount: 1000 kg (AK-630) 2500 kg (AK-630M-2) External nodes: 800 kg (AK-630) 2000 rounds in belt: 1918 kg Fire Control System: ? (Vympel MR-123) ? (Vympel-A MR-123/176) 5.2 tonne (Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03 and Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176) 1 tonne (Laska 5P-10E) | length = | part_length = 1629 mm (total) 1460 mm (rifled) | width = 1240 mm (mount ring) | height = 1070 mm (above deck) 2050 mm (below deck) | diameter = | crew = 1

| cartridge = HEI-Frag, Frag-T | cartridge_weight = 0.39 kg | caliber = 30×165mm AO-18Not compatible with the army 30×165mm ammunition – different primers, powder sorts and loads, and fuzes are used. | barrels = 6 (AK-630M) 6 (× 2) (AK-630M1-2) | action = Gas-operated rotary cannon | rate = 4,000–5,000 rounds/min (AK-630M) 10,000 rounds/min (AK-630M1-2) | velocity = 880 – | range = 4000 m (aerial) | max_range = Projectiles self-destruct past 5000 m | feed = Belt: 2,000 rounds (additional 1,000 rounds in reserve feed bin, AK-630M) 4,000 rounds (AK-630M1-2) | sights = Radar / TV-optical

The system is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR-123 fire-control radar and television detection and tracking. The weapon's primary purpose is defense against aircraft and helicopters. As one of the tried-and-true CIWS systems available, effectiveness against anti-ship missiles has been demonstrated over the years in exercises, making it the staple anti-air weapon of most Soviet naval vessels.

The AK-630 can also be employed against ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. Once operational, the system was rapidly adopted and installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine-hunters to aircraft carriers) with up to eight units on larger vessels; hundreds have been produced in total.

History

It is reported that Gun and Shell Factory makes the AK-630 in India. During the Russo-Ukrainian War, the AK-630 was installed on trucks.

Design

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Minsk_port_bow_AK-630_CIWS_gun_fire_control_radar.JPG" caption="up=yes}}"] ::

The complete weapon system is called A-213-Vympel-A, which comprises the AK-630M Gun Mount, MR-123-02 Fire-Control Radar System, and SP-521 Electrical-Optical Tracker. A single MR-123 radar system (NATO Reporting Name: Bass Tilt) can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at 4 and respectively. The electro-optical system can detect a MiG-21–sized aerial target 7 km away, while torpedo boat–sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to 70 km. Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian navy ships from fast attack boats to the .

|Image = The Varyag (011) Cruiser's Starboard AK-630 CIWS.jpg |bSize = 1600 |cWidth = 220 |cHeight = 170 |oTop = 0 |oLeft = 1210 |Location = right |Description = Kolonka fire-control system The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older) CIWS models. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence (last) layer. However, like all gun-based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat.

Development

The AK-630 CIWS has several versions and sometimes the Kashtan CIWS's sub-systems and its derivatives are also included.

AK-630

The design of the AK-630 CIWS was initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, including radar and controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service.

AK-630M

During the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK-630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK-630M and was accepted into service.

AK-306

A derivative of AK-630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK-306. Externally, the air-cooled AK-306 can be distinguished from the AK-630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK-630). Internally, the AK-306 (A-219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti-missile weapon and more of a surface-to-surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed from A-213-Vympel-A to A-219. The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service.

AK-630M1-2

In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK-630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK-630M1-2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK-630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK-630M1-2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later called Kashtan. The single example of AK-630M1-2 Roy remains installed on the Project 206.6 class missile boat # P-44.

AK-630M2

In July 2007 at IMDS-2007, a modernized version of the AK-630M1-2 called AK-630M2 with two AO-18KD rotary cannons was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK-630 mounts.

In 2012 it was announced that the new Ivan Gren-class landing ship would be armed with the modified AK-630M2 system. It is also used by the Buyan-M-class missile corvette.

H/PJ-13

H/PJ-13 is the Chinese upgraded version of AK-630M. The most obvious visual difference between AK-630 and its Chinese cousin H/PJ-13 is that the latter has a stealth turret. Instead of MP-123-02 fire-control radar originally used on AK-630M, a modified version of Type 347 radar is used. The original electro-optical system of AK-630M is also replaced by domestic Chinese system ZGJ-1B, and the fire control system is replaced by domestic Chinese ZFJ-1A fire control system. To improve its anti-missile capability, Chinese have also developed APDS round for H/PJ-13 to supplement/replace the original high explosive round of the AK-630M.

Kamand

The Kamand is an Iranian CIWS based on AK-630 to counter anti-ship missiles and low flying aircraft. The Kamand gun system is able to hit airborne targets at a range of two kilometres firing projectiles at a rate of 4,000 to 7,000 rounds per minute. The said system is installed on some Iranian naval ships like Alborz and Sahand frigates.

Comparison with current CIWS

::data[format=table title="'''Comparison of some modern CIWS'''"]

Russia AK-630	Russia AK-630M1-2	United States Phalanx CIWS	Netherlands Goalkeeper CIWS	Italy DARDO
9114 kg	11819 kg	6,200 kg (13,700 lb, incl. in-built radars)	9902 kg	5500 kg
30 mm 6-barrel GSh-6-30 rotary cannon	2 × 30 mm 6-barrel GSh-6-30 rotary cannon	20 mm 6-barrel M61 Vulcan rotary cannon	30 mm 7-barrel GAU-8 rotary cannon	40 mm 2-barrel Bofors 40 mm
5,000 rounds per minute	10,000 rounds per minute	4,500 rounds per minute	4,200 rounds per minute	600/900 rounds per minute (optionally: proximity-fuse rounds)
4000 m	4000 m	2600 m	3500 m	4000 m
2,000 rounds	4,000 rounds	1,550 rounds	1,190 rounds	736 rounds
900 m per second	900 m per second	1100 m per second	1109 m per second	1000 m per second
−12 to +88 degrees	−25 to +90 degrees	−25 to +85 degrees	−25 to +85 degrees	−13 to +85 degrees
±180 degrees	±180 degrees	±150 degrees	360 degrees	360 degrees
::

Operators

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/AK-630_operators.png" caption="Former}}"] ::

Current operators

on Steregushchy-class corvette
Bulgaria
Cameroon
People's Republic of China
Croatia
Cuba
Egypt
India
Indonesia
Iran
Greece
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Myanmar
North Korea
Pakistan
Poland
Romania
Russia
Slovenia
Ukraine
Vietnam
Yemen

Former operators

East Germany
Germany
Soviet Union

References

Notes

Citations

References

(19 January 2009 – 4 July 2010). "30 mm AK-630 System". MilitaryRussia.ru.
Arms-Expo.ru. Информационное агентство «Оружие России». link
(2010). "Mikhail Samoilovich Knebelman (1910–1999)". [[KBP Instrument Design Bureau]].
Shirokorad. Aleksandr. (30 December 2011). [[Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye]]. link
(4 October 2025). "Mission Sudarshan Chakra: Army to procure AK-630 air defence guns; to be deployed along Pakistan border". timesofindia.indiatimes.com.
"CIWS: The Last Ditch Defense".
Arms-Expo.ru. Информационное агентство «Оружие России». link
"Russian Navy warships shoot down 8 cruise missiles in Arctic drills".
(17 February 2024). "Gun and Shell Factory to build AK-630M naval guns indigenously".
(26 February 2025). "New Russian Weapon Hybrid: AK-630 Naval Gun on a KamAZ Truck".
(13 March 2018). "Born in the USSR: Russia's most vicious Soviet mini-artillery guns - Russia Beyond".
"The 30mm light-weight automatic gun mount AK-306 | Catalog Rosoboronexport".
"The 30mm twin automatic shipborne gun mount AK-630M-2 | Catalog Rosoboronexport".
Glukhov. Dmitry. (15 March 2012). ФлотПром. Центральный Военно-Морской Портал. link
[https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/september-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5555-russian-navy-latest-buyan-m-corvette-vyshny-volochek-started-sea-trials.html Russian Navy Latest Buyan-M Corvette Vyshny Volochek Started Sea Trials] {{Webarchive. link. (2017-09-07 - Navyrecognition.com, 7 September 2017)
"H/PJ-13".
Archus, Dorian. (2019-12-04). "Iranian Alvand Class Frigate Equipped with Indigenous CIWS - Naval Post- Naval News and Information". Naval Post- Naval News and Information.
(12 March 2010). "AK-630 Gatling Gun Close in Weapon System". Indian-Military.org.
Dan Petty. "The US Navy -- Fact File". U.S. Navy.
"Italy 40 mm/70 (1.57") Breda". navweaps.com.

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