Abhogi
Janya raga of Carnatic music
title: "Abhogi" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["hindustani-ragas", "janya-ragas-(kharaharapriya)", "janya-ragas", "carnatic-ragas"] description: "Janya raga of Carnatic music" topic_path: "society/religion" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhogi" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary Janya raga of Carnatic music ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox ragam"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Abhogi |
| mela | 22nd, Kharaharapriya |
| Thaat | Kafi ( Hindustani) |
| type | Audava–Audava |
| arohanam | |
| avarohanam | |
| jeeva | |
| chhaya | |
| equivalent | Abhogi Kanada |
| :: |
| name = Abhogi | synonym = | image_name = | image_alt = | mela = 22nd, Kharaharapriya | Thaat = Kafi ( Hindustani) | chakra = | type = Audava–Audava | arohanam = | avarohanam = | jeeva = | chhaya = | nyasa = | vishesha = | equivalent = Abhogi Kanada | similar = Abhogi () is a raga in Carnatic music and has been adapted to Hindustani music. It is a pentatonic scale, an audava raga. It is a derived scale (janya raga), as it does not have all the seven swaras (musical notes). Ābhōgi has been borrowed from Carnatic music into Hindustani music and is also quite popular in the latter. In Hindustani music the raga has been classified under the Kafi thaat.
Theory
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Abhogi_scale.svg" caption="''Ābhōgi'' scale with ''shadjam'' at C"] ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Abhogi.wav" caption="Arohanam and Avarohanam for Abhogi"] ::
The Carnatic raga Abhogi is a symmetric pentatonic scale that does not contain panchamam and nishadam. It is called an audava-audava raga, as it has 5 notes in both ascending and descending scales. Its ** structure is as follows:
The notes used are shadjam, chathusruti rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam and chathusruthi dhaivatham. Ābhōgi is considered a janya raga of Kharaharapriya, the 22nd Melakarta raga, though it can be derived from Gourimanohari too, by dropping both panchamam and nishadam.
''Graha bhedam''
Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to another note in the rāgam. Abhogi's notes, when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields another pentatonic rāgam, Valaji. For more details and illustration of this concept refer Graha bhedam on Ābhōgi.
According to P.Moutal, the raga Kalavati is a transposition of Abhogi.
Scale similarities
- Sriranjani is a rāgam which has kaishiki nishadam in both ascending and descending scales in addition to the notes in Ābhōgi. Its ** structure is :
- Jayamanohari is a rāgam which is like Abhogi in ascending scale and like Sriranjani is descending scale. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R₂ G₂ M₁ D₂ Ṡ: Ṡ N₂ D₂ M₁ G₂ R₂ S
Notable compositions
Abhogi is a raga used for compositions in a medium to fast tempo. It has been used by many composers in classical music and film music. Notable traditional compositions in Abhogi include:
- Nannu Brova Nee Kinta Tāmasamā and Manasu Nilpa in Adi tala and Neelakantha Niranjana in Rupaka tala by Thyagaraja
- Anugalavu Chinte, Maneyolagaado By Purandara Dasa
- Śri Lakṣhmi varāham by Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sabhāpatikku veru daivam, in Rupaka tala by Gopalakrishna Bharati
- Neekepudu in Khanḍa Tripuṭa tala by Mysore Sadashiva Rao
- Evvari bodhana, a popular varnam and Manasa Vrutha by Patnam Subramania Iyer
- Nekkurugi unnai, Manakkurangu and Thanjam Enrale(Varnam) by Papanasam Sivan
- Sri Mahaganapathe by N S Ramachandran
- Manujudai Putti by Annamacharya
- Guru Padaravinda and Mahasaya Hrudaya by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
In Hindustani music
| name = Abhogi Kanada | image_name = | image_alt = | thaat = Kafi | type = Audava–Audava | time = Early night, 9–12 | season = | arohana = | avarohana = | vadi = S | samavadi = M | pakad = | chalan = | synonym = Abhogi | equivalent = | similar = Bageshri The Carnatic raga was incorporated relatively recently into Hindustani classical music where it is known as Abhogi Kanada () or simply, Abhogi. The Kanada indicates its origin as a member of the Kanada group. Abhogi Kanada is assigned to the Kafi thaat.
The Carnatic and Hindustani Abhogis have almost identical arohanas and avarohanas. However, one major differences is that the Carnatic raga uses the Kanada vakra (out of sequence) phrase in a straight manner.
Theory
Pa and Ni are omitted. Also Re is often omitted in ascent. Flat Ga is often approached from Ma in ascent and has a slight oscillation to show the typical Kanada. In descent often the typical Kanada phrase is used.
- Arohana (order of ascending notes in the scale):
- Avarohana (order of descending notes in the scale): or
- Vadi:
- Samavadi:
- Jeeva Swaras: and
- Pakad or Chalan: GMDS SDRSDMD_ D_SRGRS D_RSDM GMMDDSDRSD_M GMD_MGGRR_ GRSd Rd_S
- Samay (Time): Night, approximately 9PM-12AM.
- Thaat: Kafi
Related ragas: Bageshree. However, Bageshree also includes flat Ni and a limited use of Pa, which gives a different flavour.
Compositions
Hindustani compositions of note in Abhogi Kanada include:
- Par gaya chahai sab koi in Ektal by Raidas
- Jayati siri radhike in Jhaptal by Gadadhar Bhatt
- Ek barajori kare saiyya in Jhumratal
Important recordings
- Amir Khan, Ragas Bilaskhani Todi and Abhogi, His Master's Voice/AIR LP (long-playing record), EMI-ECLP2765
Film songs
In Tamil language
::data[format=table]
Language : [[Hindi]]
::data[format=table]
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Na Jaiyo Re Sautan Ghar Sainya | Kaagaz Ki Nao | Sapan-Jagmohan | Asha Bhosle |
| :: |
Language : [[Telugu Language|Telugu]]
::data[format=table]
| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers | Nandanandana | Family star | Gopi Sundar | Sid Sriram |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77ZngUBN7to | title=Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Aanapenchana Video Song NTR Sangeeta Shalimarcinema | author=Shalimar Telugu Hindi Movies | website=youtube(videostreaming) | date=21 July 2016 | access-date=21 July 2016}} | Sri Rama Pattabhishekam | Pendyala (composer) |
| :: |
Language : [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
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| Song | Movie | Composer | Singers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thozhukai kooppi unarum | Boeing Boeing | Raghukumar (composer) | K.J.Yesudas |
| :: |
Notes
References
Sources
References
- Chaudhuri, A.. (2021). "Finding the Raga: An Improvisation on Indian Music". Faber & Faber.
- ''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications
- ''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras
- P.Moutal, p. 462
- (1994). "Carnatic music compositions: an index". CBH Publications.
- Shalimar Telugu Hindi Movies. (21 July 2016). "Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Aanapenchana Video Song NTR Sangeeta Shalimarcinema".
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