1985 in spaceflight
none
title: "1985 in spaceflight" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1985-in-spaceflight", "spaceflight-by-year"] description: "none" topic_path: "general/1985-in-spaceflight" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_in_spaceflight" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::summary none ::
::data[format=table title="Infobox Year in spaceflight"]
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| year | 1985 |
| maidens | |
| M-3SII | |
| orbital | 11 |
| totalcrew | 63 |
| firsttrav |
| ::
|year = 1985
|image =
|caption =
|first =
|last =
|total =
|success =
|failed =
|partial =
|catalogued =
|maidens =
M-3SII
|retired =
|orbital = 11
|totalcrew = 63
|firstsat =
|firsttrav =
| programme = Timeline of spaceflight | previous_mission = 1984 | next_mission = 1986
The following is an outline of 1985 in spaceflight.
Overview
First ''Atlantis'' flight
Orbital launches
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January
|- |date = 7 January |time = 19:26 |rocket = M-3SII / KM-P |flight = M-3SII-1 |site = Kagoshima LP-M |LSP = ISAS |remarks = Maiden flight of M-3SII. First Japanese deep space probe. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Sakigake (MS-T5) |user = ISAS |orbit = Heliocentric |function = 1P/Halley comet flyby |outcome = Successful |d-date = 8 January 1999
|date = 9 January |time = 10:45 |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1616 (Yantar-4K2 №12/Kobalt №12) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 15 January |time = 14:50 |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1617 (Strela-3 №1) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1618 (Strela-3 №2) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1619 (Strela-3 №3) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1620 (Strela-3 №4) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1621 (Strela-3 №5) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1622 (Strela-3 №6) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 16 January |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-3 36L |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 16 January |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1623 (Zenit-8 №10/Oblik №10) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 17 January |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1624 (Strela-2M №36) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 18 January |time = |rocket = Proton-K / Blok-DM |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Gorizont 11 (Gorizont 21L) |user = |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 23 January |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-2 |site = Baikonur LC-90 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1625 (US-P №20) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = |outcome = Operational
|date = 24 January |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1626 (Tselina-D №47) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 24 January |time = 19:50 |rocket = USA / IUS |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-C |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 27 January |d-time = 21:23 |name = USA Orion 1 (USA-8/Magnum 1) |user = NRO |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = ELINT |outcome = Successful
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February
|- |date = 1 February |time = 19:36 |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1627 (Parus №48) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|date = 6 February |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1628 (Zenit-8 №11/Oblik №11) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 6 February |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Meteor-2 12 |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Meteorology |outcome = Operational
|date = 8 February |time = 06:10 |rocket = USA Titan 34B / Agena-D |site = USA Vandenberg SLC-4W |LSP = USA |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA Quasar 6 (SDS 6/USA-9) |user = NRO |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 8 February |time = 23:22 |rocket = FRA Ariane 3 |site = FRA Kourou ELA-1 |LSP= FRA Arianespace |remarks = Arabsat 1A failed in March 1992 |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = SAU Arabsat-1A |user = Arabsat |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |d-date = March 1992 |name = BRA Brasilsat-A1 |user = Embratel |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 21 February |time = |rocket = Proton-K Blok-DM |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1629 (US-KS №3) |user = |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 February |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1630 (Yantar-4K2 №13/Kobalt №13) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 February |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1631 (Taifun-1 №18/Vektor №18) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Radar Calibration |outcome = Operational
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March
|- |date = 1 March |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1632 (Zenit-8 №12/Oblik №12) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 5 March |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1633 (Tselina-D №48) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 13 March |time = 02:00 |rocket = USA Atlas E / OIS |site = USA Vandenberg SLC-3W |LSP = USA |remarks = Mission ended in January 1990 |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA Geosat |user = US Navy |orbit = Sun-synchronous |function = Earth observation |outcome = Successful
|date = 14 March |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1634 (Parus №49) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|date = 21 March |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1635 (Strela-1M №289) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1636 (Strela-1M №290) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1637 (Strela-1M №291) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1638 (Strela-1M №292) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1639 (Strela-1M №293) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1640 (Strela-1M №294) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1641 (Strela-1M №295) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1642 (Strela-1M №296) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 March |time = |rocket = Proton-K Blok-DM |site = Baikonur Site 200/40 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Ekran 14 (Ekran 28L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 March |time = 23:55:00 |rocket = USA Atlas G / Centaur-D1AR |flight = AC-63 |site = USA Cape Canaveral LC-36B |LSP = USA |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = UN Intelsat VA F-10 (Intelsat 510) |user = Intelsat |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |d-date = July 1999
|date = 25 March |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1643 (Yantar-4KS1 №3/Terilen №3) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
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April
|- |date = 3 April |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1644 (Zenit-8 №13/Oblik №13) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 12 April |time = 13:59 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Discovery / PAM-D |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first sitting member of the United States Congress to fly in space (Senator Jake Garn). Anik C1 was retired on 5 May 2003. Leasat 3 failed to maneuver to geosynchronous orbit and was re-captured by mission STS-51-I in August, repaired and subsequently maneuvered to geosynchronous orbit. Discovery suffered extensive brake and tyre damage upon landing at Kennedy Space Center. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-D |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 19 April |d-time = 13:54 |name = CAN Anik C1 |user = Telesat Canada |orbit = Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USALeasat 3 (Syncom-4 3) |user = US Navy |orbit = Current: Graveyard Operational: Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 13 April |time = |rocket = Zenit-2 |site = Baikonur Site 45 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos (EPN 03.0694 №1) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Vehicle Evaluation |outcome = Failure
|date = 16 April |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1645 (Foton №1) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Microgravity |outcome = Operational
|date = 18 April |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-2 |site = Baikonur Site 90 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1646 (US-P №21) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = |outcome = Operational
|date = 19 April |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1647 (Yantar-4K2 №14/Kobalt №14) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 25 April |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1648 (Zenit-8 №14/Oblik №14) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 26 April |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-SO-L |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Interkosmos 23 (Prognoz №10) |user = Interkosmos/NPO Lavochkin |orbit = Molniya |function = Magnetosphere research |outcome = Operational
|date = 29 April |time = 16:02 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USAUnited Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; GLOMAR failed to deploy from its GAS canister |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-B |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Microgravity research |outcome = Successful |d-date = 6 May |d-time = 16:11 |d-span = 3 |name = USA[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] Spacelab Long Module 1 |user = NASA/ESRO |orbit = Low Earth (Challenger) |function = Microgravity research |outcome = Successful |d-span = inherit |name = USA GLOMAR |user = |orbit = Intended: Low Earth |function = Getaway Special |outcome = Deployment failure |d-span = inherit |name = USA NUSAT |user= |orbit = Low Earth |function = Getaway Special |outcome = Successful |d-date = 15 December
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May
|- |date = 8 May |time = 01:15 |rocket = FRA Ariane 3 |site = FRA Kourou ELA-1 |LSP = FRA Arianespace |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA GStar 1 |user = GTE Spacenet |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = FRA Télécom 1B |user = France Télécom |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 15 May |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1649 (Zenit-8 №15/Oblik №15) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 17 May |time = |rocket = Proton-K Blok-DM-2 |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1650 (GLONASS №10) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1651 (GLONASS №11) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1652 (GLONASS-GVM №7) |user = |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Dummy satellite |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 May |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1653 (Resurs-F1 №22) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (SSO) |function = Earth Observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 23 May |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1654 (Yantar-4K2 №15/Kobalt №15) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 29 May |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-3 39L |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 30 May |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1655 (Tsikada №12) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|date = 30 May |time = |rocket = Proton-K Blok-DM-2 |site = Baikonur Site 200/40 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1656 (Tselina-2 №2) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
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June
|- |date = 6 June |time = 06:39 |rocket = USSR Soyuz-U2 |site = USSR Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = USSR |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USSR Soyuz T-13 |user = |orbit = Low Earth (Salyut 7) |function = Salyut 7 EO-4 |outcome = Successful |d-date = 26 September |d-time = 09:51
|date = 7 June |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1657 (Resurs-F1 №23) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Earth Observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 11 June |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1658 (US-K №39) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 13 June |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1659 (Zenit-8 №16/Oblik №16) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 14 June |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Baikonur Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1660 (Geo-IK №6/Musson №6) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Geodesy |outcome = Operational
|date = 17 June |time = 11:33 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Discovery / PAM-D |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Saudi Arabian space traveller and member of royalty to fly in space (Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud) Arabsat 1B retired in 1993. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-G |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 24 June |d-time = 13:11 |name = MEX Morelos 1 |user = Morelos |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = SAU Arabsat-1B |user = Arabsat |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USATelstar 303 |user = AT&T |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA Spartan 101 |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Astronomy |outcome = Successful |d-date = 24 June |d-time = 13:11
|date = 18 June |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1661 (US-K №40) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 19 June |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1662 (Taifun-2 №20) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Radar calibration |outcome = Operational |name = 23 Romb |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = |outcome = Operational
|date = 21 June |time = 00:39 |rocket = USSR Soyuz-U |site = USSR Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = USSR |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USSRProgress 24 |user = |orbit = Low Earth (Salyut 7) |function = Logistics |outcome = Successful |d-date = 15 July |d-time = 22:33
|date = 21 June |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1663 (Resurs-F1 №24) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (SSO) |function = Earth Observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 21 June |time = |rocket = Zenit-2 |site = Baikonur Site 45 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos (EPN 03.0694 №2) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Vehicle Evaluation |outcome = Partial Failure
|date = 26 June |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1664 (Zenit-8 №17/Oblik №17) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 30 June |time = 00:44 |rocket = USA Atlas G / Centaur-D1AR |flight = AC-64 |site = USA Cape Canaveral LC-36B |LSP = USA |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = UN Intelsat VA F-11 (Intelsat 511) |user = Intelsat |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
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July
|- |date = 2 July |time = 11:23 |rocket = FRA Ariane 1 |site = FRA Kourou ELA-1 |LSP = FRA Arianespace |remarks = Closest approach of Halley's Comet (596 km) achieved on 13 March 1986 Closest approach of 26P/Grigg-Skjellerup (200 km) achieved on 10 July 1992 |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]] Giotto |user = ESA |orbit = Heliocentric |function = Flyby of Halley's Comet |outcome = Successful
|date = 3 July |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1665 (Zenit-8 №18/Oblik №18) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 8 July |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1666 (Tselina-D №49) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 10 July |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1667 (Bion №7) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Life Science |outcome = Operational
|date = 15 July |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1668 (Zenit-8 №19/Oblik №19) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 17 July |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-3 37L |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 19 July |time = 13:05 |rocket = USSR Soyuz-U |site = USSR Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = USSR |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USSR Kosmos 1669 (Progress) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (Salyut 7) |function = Logistics |outcome = Successful |d-date = 30 August |d-time = 01:20
|date = 29 July |time = 21:00 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Challenger |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts; A main engine shut-down during ascent caused an Abort to Orbit, the first (and only) abort of the Space Shuttle program. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-F |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Astronomical experiments |outcome = Successful |d-date = 6 August |d-time = 19:45 |d-span = 3 |name = USA PDP |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Plasma research |outcome = Successful |d-span = inherit |name = USA [[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg|23px]]Spacelab 2 (three pallets) |user = NASA/ESRO |orbit = Low Earth (Challenger) |function = Astronomy |outcome = Successful |d-span = inherit
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August
|- |date = 1 August |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-2 |site = Baikonur Site 90 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1670 (US-A №26) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Ocean Surveillance |outcome = Operational
|date = 2 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1671 (Zenit-8 №20/Oblik №20) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 3 August |time = |rocket = Scout-G 1 |site = Vandenberg SLC-5 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Transit-O 24 |user = US Navy |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational |name = Transit-O 30 |user = US Navy |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|date = 7 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1672 (Resurs-F1 №25) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (SSO) |function = Earth observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 8 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1673 (Yantar-1KFT №5/Kometa №5) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 8 August |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1674 (Tselina-D №50) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 8 August |time = |rocket = Proton-K Blok-DM |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Raduga 16 (Gran 26L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 12 August |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1675 (US-K №41) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 16 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1676 (Yantar-4K2 №16/Kobalt №16) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 18 August |time = 23:33 |rocket = M-3SII / KM-P |flight = M-3SII-2 |site = Kagoshima LP-M |LSP = ISAS |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Suisei (Planet A) |user = ISAS |orbit = Heliocentric |function = 1P/Halley comet flyby |outcome = Successful |d-date = 22 February 1991
|date = 22 August |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-1T 64 (Molniya-1T 74L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 23 August |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-2 |site = Baikonur Site 90 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1677 (US-A №27) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 August |time = 10:58 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Discovery / PAM-D |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts Leasat 4 failed in orbit after becoming operational for a short period Retrieved Leasat 3, deployed by STS-51-D in April and repaired the malfunctioning perigee motor to allow the satellite to reach geosynchronous orbit. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-I |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment and repair |outcome = Successful |d-date = 3 September |d-time = 13:15 |name = AUS Aussat A1 |user = Aussat Pty Ltd |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA ASC-1 |user = ASC |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA Leasat 4 (Syncom-4 4) |user = US Navy |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Spacecraft failure
|date = 28 August |time = 21:20 |rocket = USA Titan 34D |site = USA Vandenberg SLC-4E |LSP = USA |remarks = First stage propellant feed malfunction |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA KH-11 7 (Crystal 7) |user = NRO |orbit = Intended: Sun-synchronous |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Launch Failure |d-date = 28 August
|date = 29 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1678 (Resurs-F1 №26) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (SSO) |function = Earth observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 29 August |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1679 (Yantar-4K2 №17/Kobalt №17) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|colspan=8 style="background:white;"|
September
|- |date = 4 September |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1680 (Strela-2M №27) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 6 September |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1681 (Zenit-4MKT №27/Fram №27) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 12 September |time = 23:26 |rocket = FRA Ariane 3 |site = FRA Kourou ELA |LSP = FRA Arianespace |remarks = Third stage failed to ignite |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = FRA Eutelsat I F-3 (ECS-3) |user = Eutelsat |orbit = Intended: Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Launch Failure |o-span = 2 |d-date = 12 September |d-span = 2 |name = USA Spacenet F3 |user = Spacenet |orbit = Intended: Geosynchronous |function = Communications |o-span = inherit |d-span = inherit
|date = 17 September |time = 12:38 |rocket = USSR Soyuz-U2 |site = USSR Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = USSR |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USSR Soyuz T-14 |user = |orbit = Low Earth (Salyut 7) |function = Salyut 7 EP-5 |outcome = Successful |d-date = 21 November |d-time = 10:31
|date = 19 September |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-2 |site = Baikonur Site 90 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1682 (US-P №22) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 19 September |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1683 (Zenit-8 №21/Oblik №21) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 24 September |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1684 (US-K №42) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 26 September |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1685 (Zenit-8 №22/Oblik №22) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 September |time = 08:41 |rocket = USSR Proton-K |site = USSR Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = USSR |remarks = TKS-4; remained docked with Salyut 7 through that station's re-entry |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USSR Kosmos 1686 (TKS-M №1) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (Salyut 7) |function = Logistics |outcome = Successful |d-date = 7 February 1991
|date = 28 September |time = 23:17 |rocket = USA Atlas G |site = USA Cape Canaveral LC-36B |LSP = USA |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = UN Intelsat VA F-11 (Intelsat 512) |user = Intelsat |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 30 September |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1687 (US-K №43) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|colspan=8 style="background:white;"|
October
|- |date = 2 October |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Kapustin Yar Site 107 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1688 (Taifun-2 №21) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Radar calibration |outcome = Operational |name = O Romb |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = |outcome = Operational
|date = 3 October |time = |rocket = Vostok-2M |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1689 (Resurs-O1 №1) |user = NPO Planeta |orbit = Low Earth |function = Earth observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 3 October |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-3 38L |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 3 October |time = 15:15 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle / IUS |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USAUnited Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts; Maiden flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-51-J |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 7 October |d-time = 17:00 |name = USA DSCS-III 2 (USA-11) |user = US Air Force |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA DSCS-III 3 (USA-12) |user = US Air Force |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful
|date = 9 October |time = 02:53 |rocket = USA Atlas E/SGS-2 |site = USA Vandenberg SLC-3W |LSP = USA |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA GPS-11 (USA-10) |user = US Air Force |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Successful
|date = 9 October |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1690 (Strela-3 №7) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1691 (Strela-3 №8) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1692 (Strela-3 №9) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1693 (Strela-3 №10) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1694 (Strela-3 №11) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1695 (Strela-3 №12) |user = VKS |orbit = Low Earth |function = Military communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 16 October |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Baikonur Site 31/6 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1696 (Zenit-8 №23/Oblik №23) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 21 October |time = |rocket = Long March 2C |flight = 2C-Y4 |site = Jiuquan LA-2B |LSP = CASC |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = FSW-0 7 |user = CAST |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 October |time = |rocket = Zenit-2 |site = Baikonur Site 45/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1697 (EPN 03.0694 №3) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Vehicle Evaluation |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 October |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1698 (US-K №44) |user = |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 23 October |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Baikonur Site 1/5 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-1T 65 (Molniya-1T 73L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 23 October |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 133/3 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos (Parus №50) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Failure
|date = 24 October |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Meteor-3 1 |user = VNIEM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Meteorology |outcome = Operational
|date = 25 October |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1699 (Yantar-4K2 №18/Kobalt №18) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 25 October |time = |rocket = Proton-K / Blok-DM-2 |site = Baikonur Site 200/40 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1700 (Luch №1/Altair 11L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 28 October |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-1T 66 (Molniya-1T 76L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 30 October |time = 17:00 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Challenger |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with eight astronauts Maiden flight of Spacelab Long Module #2 |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-61-A |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Microgravity research |outcome = Successful |d-date = 6 November |d-time = 17:44 |d-span = 2 |name = USA Spacelab Long Module 2 |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth (Challenger) |function = Spacelab D1 |outcome = Successful |d-span = inherit |name = GER GLOMAR |user = DLR |orbit = Low Earth |function = Getaway Special |outcome = Successful |d-date = 26 December 1986
|colspan=8 style="background:white;"|
November
|- |date = 9 November |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-2BL |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1701 (US-K №45) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Early warning |outcome = Operational
|date = 13 November |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1702 (Zenit-8 №24/Oblik №24) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 15 November |time = |rocket = Proton-K / Blok-DM |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Raduga 17 (Gran 28L) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 22 November |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1703 (Tselina-D №51) |user = Yuzhnoye |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 November |time = 00:29 |rocket = USA Space Shuttle Atlantis / IUS |site = USA Kennedy LC-39A |LSP = USA United Space Alliance |remarks = Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts including the first Mexican space traveller. |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = USA STS-61-B |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |function = Satellite deployment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 2 December |d-time = 21:33 |name = MEX Morelos 2 |user = Morelos |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = AUS Aussat A2 |user = Aussat Pty Ltd |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA Satcom K2 |user = RCA Americom |orbit = Geosynchronous |function = Communications |outcome = Successful |name = USA OEX Target |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth |outcome = Successful |d-date = 2 March 1987 |name = USA EASE/ACCESS |user = NASA |orbit = Low Earth (Atlantis) |function = Structure assembly experiment |outcome = Successful |d-date = 2 December |d-time = 21:33
|date = 28 November |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 133/3 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1704 (Parus №51) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|colspan=8 style="background:white;"|
December
|- |date = 3 December |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1705 (Zenit-8 №25/Oblik №25) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 11 December |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 16/2 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1706 (Yantar-4K2 №19/Kobalt №19) |user = GRU |orbit = Low Earth |function = Reconnaissance |outcome = Operational
|date = 12 December |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1707 (Tselina-D №52) |user = Yuzhnoye |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Operational
|date = 13 December |time = |rocket = Scout-G 1 |site = Wallops LA-3 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = ITV 1 (USA-13) |user = USAF |orbit = Low Earth |function = ASAT Target |outcome = Operational |name = ITV 2 (USA-14) |user = USAF |orbit = Low Earth |function = ASAT Target |outcome = Operational
|date = 13 December |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1708 (Resurs-F1 №) |user = |orbit = Low Earth (SSO) |function = Earth observation |outcome = Operational
|date = 19 December |time = |rocket = Kosmos-3M |site = Plesetsk Site 132/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1709 (Parus №52) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational
|date = 24 December |time = |rocket = Molniya-M / Blok-ML |site = Plesetsk Site 43/4 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Molniya-3 40L |user = NPO PM |orbit = Molniya |function = Communications |outcome = Operational
|date = 24 December |time = |rocket = Proton-K / Blok-DM-2 |site = Baikonur Site 200/39 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1710 (GLONASS №12) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1711 (GLONASS №13) |user = NPO PM |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Navigation |outcome = Operational |name = Kosmos 1712 (GLONASS-GVM №8) |user = |orbit = Medium Earth |function = Dummy Satellite |outcome = Operational
|date = 26 December |time = |rocket = Tsyklon-3 |site = Plesetsk Site 32/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Meteor-2 13 |user = VNIEM |orbit = Low Earth |function = Meteorology |outcome = Operational
|date = 27 December |time = |rocket = Soyuz U |site = Plesetsk Site 41/1 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1713 (Efir №2) |user = |orbit = Low Earth |function = Cosmic radiation |outcome = Operational
|date = 28 December |time = |rocket = Zenit-2 |site = Baikonur Site 45 |LSP = |remarks = |payload = {{TLS-PL |name = Kosmos 1714 (Tselina-2 №3) |user = Yuzhnoye |orbit = Low Earth |function = SIGINT |outcome = Partial Failure
|colspan=8 style="background:white;"|
|}
Suborbital flights
|date=13 September |rocket=USAASM-135 ASAT |site=USACelestial Eagle, Vandenberg |LSP=USAUS Air Force |remarks=Successful intercept and destruction of Solwind P78-1. |payload={{TLS-PL |user=US Air Force |orbit=Suborbital |function=Anti-satellite weapon |outcome=Successful |d-date=13 September
|}
Deep Space Rendezvous
::data[format=table]
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 June | Vega 1 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus | |
| 15 June | Vega 2 | delivered lander and balloon on Venus | |
| 11 September | ISEE-3/ICE | Flyby of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner | |
| :: |
EVAs
::data[format=table]
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 April | 3 hours | ||||
| 6 minutes | STS-51-D | ||||
| USAJeffrey A. Hoffman | |||||
| USAS. David Griggs | Installed an improvised switch-pulling tool, called the Flyswatter, on the RMS robotic arm. The Flyswatter was used in an effort to push the sequencer start lever on the Leasat-3 in the proper position for deployment. This attempted repair was the first unplanned spacewalk in NASA history. | ||||
| 2 August | |||||
| 07:15 | 5 hours | 12:15 | Salyut 7 EO-4 | USSRVladimir Dzhanibekov | |
| USSRViktor Savinykh | Installed a third pair of solar arrays on exterior of Salyut 7. | ||||
| 31 August | 7 hours | ||||
| 20 minutes | STS-51-I | ||||
| Discovery | USAWilliam Fisher | ||||
| USAJames van Hoften | url=http://www.nss.org/resources/library/shuttlevideos/shuttle20.htm | title=Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A) | access-date=21 February 2009 | work=Space Shuttle Video Library | publisher=National Space Society |
| 1 September | 4 hours | ||||
| 26 minutes | STS-51-I | ||||
| Discovery | USAWilliam Fisher | ||||
| USAJames van Hoften | Completed repairs on the Leasat 3 satellite. Then Van Hoften, riding the RMS, heaved the satellite out of the payload bay, imparting the required spin needed to fire the perigee motor. | ||||
| 29 November | 5 hours | ||||
| 32 minutes | STS-61-B | ||||
| USAJerry L. Ross | |||||
| USASherwood C. Spring | Practiced construction techniques in the payload bay and assembled and disassembled the two experimental EASE/ACCESS structures.{{cite web | url=https://history.nasa.gov/monograph41.pdf | title=Human Spaceflight | access-date=23 February 2009 | |
| 1 December | 6 hours | ||||
| 41 minutes | STS-61-B | ||||
| Atlantis | USAJerry L. Ross | ||||
| USASherwood C. Spring | Conducted supplementary experiments on the EASE and ACCESS structures, including a test of the RMS to aid in the construction experiments. | ||||
| :: |
References
Footnotes
References
- (2007). "Space Shuttle Mission Archives". NASA.
- Becker, Joachim. (2009). "Human Spaceflights - STS-51D". Space Facts.
- (July 2008). "Space Shuttle Flight 20 (STS-51A)". National Space Society.
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