1294

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title: "1294" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1294"] topic_path: "general/1294" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1294" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::callout[type=note] 1294 ::

Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

Events

Asia

February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.

Europe

March 30 – A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of Vyborg, but the attack fails.
Spring – Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures Kexholm after an assault.
July 5 – Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.
Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.
December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.
Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.
Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo); he also begins work on the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.
England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.

Births

June 18 or June 19 – Charles IV of France (d. 1328)
John, Duke of Durazzo (d. 1336)
date unknown – Kusunoki Masashige, Japanese samurai (d. 1336)
- Joan of Valois, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1342)

Deaths

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/YuanEmperorAlbumKhubilaiPortrait.jpg" caption="[[Kublai Khan"] ::

February 18 – Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1215)
May 3 – John I, Duke of Brabant
June 12 – John I of Brienne, Count of Eu
December 25 – Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania
date unknown
- Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon of Ethiopia
- Brunetto Latini, Florentine philosopher (b. c. 1220)
- Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal

References

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Breverton, Terry. (2014). "Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask". Amberley Publishing Limited.
Schaff, Philip. (1998). "History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517.". Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
Prestwich, Michael. (1988). "Edward I". University of California Press.
(2005). "Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists". iUniverse.
Symonds, William Samuel. (1872). "Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll". John Murray, Albemarle Street.
Durant, Will. (2014). "The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation". Simon and Schuster.
(2004). "Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day". Giunti Editore.
(1996). "European Integration and Disintegration: East and West". Routledge.
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(1988). "Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987". Boydell & Brewer.
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Turnbull, Stephen R.. (2005). "The Samurai: A Military History". Psychology Press.
Wold, Carol Lee. (2002). "Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke". Gateway Press.
(2006). "Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan". Infobase Publishing.
Jeep, John M.. (2001). "Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia". Taylor & Francis.
Perry, Guy. (2018). "The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356". Cambridge University Press.
Możejko, Beata. (2017). "New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia". Taylor & Francis.
Tamrat, Taddesse. (January 1970). "The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535". Journal of Ethiopian Studies.
Barlow, Henry Clark. (1864). "Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia". Williams and Norgate.
"History of Pereslavl-Zalessky {{!}} Rusmania".

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