1222

---

title: "1222" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1222"] topic_path: "general/1222" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1222" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::callout[type=note] 1222 ::

Year 1222 (MCCXXII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Asia

• The Ghurid dynasty capital of Firozkoh (in modern-day Afghanistan) is destroyed, by Mongol Emperor Ögedei Khan.

• After the invasion and destruction of the Khwarezmian Empire in 1221, Genghis Khan returns to Mongolia, and a rebellion sparks in Helmand, to which the response is a large army led by Ögedei Khan sent into the region to put an end to the rebellion of Muhammad the Marghani, resulting in the killing of every man in Ghazni and Helmand, and the enslavement and selling of most of the women of the region.

• Genghis Khan’s armies were said to have killed approximately 1.6 million people in the city of Herat, in Northwestern Afghanistan.

Mesoamerica

• Chiconquiauhtzin becomes Ruler of the City-state Azcapotzalco at the Valley of Mexico

Europe

• April 17 – Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury in England, opens a council at Osney Abbey, Oxford.
• May 9 – Synod of Oxford - The 1222 Christian Synod of Oxford passes anti-Semitic laws that forbid social interactions between Jews and Christians, places a specific tithe on Jews and requires them to wear an identifying badge.
• May 11 – 1222 Cyprus earthquake.
• August – After the death of John I of Sweden on March 10, 6-year-old Erik Eriksson is elected new King of Sweden (sometime between this time and July 1223).
• December 15 – The Golden Bull of 1222 is issued in Hungary, limiting the power of the monarchy over the nobility.
• December 25 – The 1222 Brescia earthquake is so powerful that the inhabitants of Brescia leave their city en masse and camp outside so that falling buildings would not crush them, according to chronicler Salimbene de Adam.
• Livonian Crusade – The Danish fail in their attempt to conquer Saaremaa Island from the Estonians.
• Ottokar I of Bohemia reunites Bohemia and Moravia.
• The Cistercian convent in Alcobaça, Portugal, is completed.
• Approximate date – The Royal Standard of Scotland is adopted.
• Traditional date – The University of Padua is founded in Italy, by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Births

• February 16 – Nichiren, founder of Nichiren Buddhism (d. 1282)
• August 4 – Richard de Clare, 6th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (d. 1262)
• Queen Jeongsun (Wonjong) of Korea (d. 1237)

Deaths

• February 1 – Alexios Megas Komnenos, first Emperor of Trebizond
• March 10 – Johan Sverkersson, king of Sweden since 1216 (b. 1201)
• June 23 – Constance of Aragon, Holy Roman Empress, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1179)
• August 2 – Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse (b. 1156)
• August 12 – Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia
• Theodore I Lascaris, founder of the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea

References

References

1. Lavī, Ḥabīb. (1999). "Comprehensive History of the Jews of Iran: The Outset of the Diaspora". Mazda Publishers.
2. Haqqi, Anwarul Haque. (2010). "Chingiz Khan: The Life and Legacy of an Empire Builder". Primus Books.
3. Lee, Jonathan L.. (1996). "The "Ancient Supremacy": Bukhara, Afghanistan and the Battle for Balkh, 1731-1901". BRILL.
4. (April 18, 2005). "Invaders".
5. (2011). "REFINERÍA-AZCAPOTZALCO. Un cementerio tecpaneca prehispánico". Lulu.com.
6. "Acolhuatzin".
7. Steinberg, S. H.. (1986). "Historical Tables: 58 BC–AD 1985". Springer.
8. Malone, Carolyn Marino. (2004). "Façade as Spectacle: Ritual and Ideology at Wells Cathedral". BRILL.
9. Wood, Anthony à. (1792). "The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford: In Two Books". John Gutch.
10. The 1222 Christian Synod of Oxford passed laws that forbade social interactions between Jews and Christians. placed a specific tithe on Jews and required them to wear an identifying badge.
11. (13 July 2021). "Church of England to apologize for 13th century anti-Semitic laws". i24NEWS.
12. (9 May 2022). "CHURCH REPENTS OF ANTISEMITISM "I think the Jews of 1222 would have been astonished to hear Hebrew ring out in this cathedral"". Israel Today.
13. "The 800-year apology: What is the real challenge to reconciling Christians and Jews? – Israel InSight". Israel In Sight.
14. (9 May 2022). "Church of England apologizes for anti-Jewish laws, 800 years on - Vatican News". Dicasterium pro Communicatione.
15. "Church of England apologises for 'shameful actions' against Jews". The Jewish Chronicle.
16. (6 May 2022). "Diocese of Oxford {{!}} 800th anniversary of the 1222 Synod of Oxford". The Oxford Diocesan Board of Finance.
17. "Righting Historic Wrongs - 1222 Synod of Oxford". Oxford Jewish Heritage.
18. (8 May 2022). "After 800 years, Church of England apologizes to Jews for laws that led to expulsion". The Times of Israel.
19. (May 9, 2022). "Anglican Church apologises over 800-year-old anti-Jewish laws". The National.
20. (2019). "On Significant Applications of Geophysical Methods: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018". Springer.
21. Papadopoulos, Gerassimos. (2016). "Tsunamis in the European-Mediterranean Region: From Historical Record to Risk Mitigation". Elsevier.
22. (2015). "Historical Dictionary of Sweden". Rowman & Littlefield.
23. Peterson, Gary Dean. (2016). "Vikings and Goths: A History of Ancient and Medieval Sweden". McFarland.
24. Reich, Emil. (2004). "Select Documents Illustrating Mediaeval and Modern History". The Minerva Group, Inc..
25. (2013). "Freedom and the Construction of Europe". Cambridge University Press.
26. (2001). "A Concise History of Hungary". Cambridge University Press.
27. Salimbene de Adam, ''Chronicle of Salimbene de Adam.''
28. Miljan, Toivo. (2015). "Historical Dictionary of Estonia". Rowman & Littlefield.
29. Abulafia, University Lecturer in History David. (1995). "The New Cambridge Medieval History". Cambridge University Press.
30. (2019). "The Medieval Networks in East Central Europe: Commerce, Contacts, Communication". Routledge.
31. Feyo, Barata. (1945). "Escultura de Alcobaca Por Barata Feyo".
32. Chambers, George. (2018). "The Story of Eclipses Simply Told for General Readers, With Especial Reference to the Total Eclipse of the Sun of May 28, 1900". George Newnes.
33. Taylor, Alice. (2016). "The Shape of the State in Medieval Scotland, 1124-1290". Oxford University Press.
34. Rashdall, Hastings. (2010). "The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages". Cambridge University Press.
35. (2011). "University Planning and Architecture: The Search for Perfection". Routledge.
36. Chryssides, George D.. (2012). "Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements". Rowman & Littlefield.
37. Stourton Mowbray, Charles Botolph Joseph. (1899). "The History of the Noble House of Stourton, of Stourton, in the County of Wilts". Elliot Stock.
38. (2008). "Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals". Genealogical Publishing Company.
39. Venning, Timothy. (2023-06-30). "A Compendium of Medieval World Sovereigns". Taylor & Francis.
40. Townsend, George Henry. (1867). "The Manual of Dates: A Dictionary of Reference to the Most Important Events in the History of Mankind to be Found in Authentic Records". Frederick Warne & Company.
41. Wispelwey, Berend. (2008). "Biographical Index of the Middle Ages". Walter de Gruyter.
42. (1860). "The Comprehensive Dictionary of Biography: Embracing a Series of Original Memoirs of the Most Distinguished Persons of All Countries, Living and Dead. To which is Added, A Classified List of the Most Distinguished Persons of All Times, Arranged Chronologically". Richard Griffin and Company.
43. (1834). "An Ecclesiastical History, Ancient and Modern: In which the Rise, Progress, and Variations of Church Power, are Considered in Their Connexion with the State of Learning and Philosophy, and the Political History of Europe During that Period". Plaskitt & Company and Armstrong & Plaskitt.
44. Earenfight, Theresa. (2013). "Queenship in Medieval Europe". Macmillan International Higher Education.
45. Barker, John W.. (2016). "Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia". Taylor & Francis.
46. Bauer, Susan Wise. (2013). "The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople". W. W. Norton & Company.
47. (1865). "Appletons' Cyclopædia of Biography: Embracing a Series of Original Memoirs of the Most Distinguished Persons of All Times". D. Appleton and Company.
48. Wihoda, Martin. (2015). "Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity". BRILL.
49. Klapste, Jan. (2012). "The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation". BRILL.
50. Gibbon, Edward. (1797). "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.". A. Strahan and T. Cadell Jun. and W. Davies (successors to Mr. Cadell).
51. Crabb, George. (1825). "Universal Historical Dictionary: Or, Explanation of the Names of Persons and Places in the Departments of Biblical, Political, and Ecclesiastical History, Mythology, Heraldry, Biography, Bibliography, Geography, and Numismatics. Illustrated by Portraits and Medallic Cuts". Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::