1168
title: "1168" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["1168"] topic_path: "general/1168" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1168" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0
::callout[type=note] 1168 ::
::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Valdemar_den_Store.jpg" caption="Valdemar I]] (1131–1182)"] ::
Year 1168 (MCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Levant
- Summer – King Amalric I of Jerusalem and Byzantine emperor Manuel I Komnenos negotiate an alliance against Fatimid-Egypt. Archbishop William of Tyre is among the ambassadors sent to Constantinople to finalize the treaty.
- Autumn – William IV, Count of Nevers, arrives in Palestine with a contingent of elite knights. In Jerusalem he is present during a council with Amalric and other nobles to decide on an expedition to Egypt.
- October 20 – Amalric I invades Egypt again from Ascalon, sacking Bilbeis and threatening Cairo. In November, a Crusader fleet sails up the Nile and arrives in Lake Manzala, sacking the town of Tanis.
- Nur al-Din, Zangid ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, sends an expedition under General Shirkuh to Egypt on request of the Fatimid caliph Al-Adid. He offers him a third of the land, and fiefs for his generals.
Egypt
- December 22 – Afraid that the Egyptian capital Fustat (modern-day Old Cairo) will be captured by Crusader forces, its Fatimid vizier, Shawar, orders the city set afire. The capital burns for 54 days.
Europe
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Angevin governor of Poitou, is killed in an ambush at Poitiers by French forces under Guy of Lusignan. He is escorting Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine on a journey near the border of Aquitaine. Patrick's nephew, William Marshal, is part of the royal escort and is taken prisoner. Later he is ransomed and becomes a member of Eleanor's household.
- King Valdemar I ("the Great") of Denmark conquers the Wendish capital at Arkona on the island of Rügen (modern Germany). The Wends become Christians and subject to Danish suzerainty.
- Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony, marries the 12-year-old Matilda (or Maud), daughter of King Henry II of England.
- The newly born Commune of Rome conquers and destroys the rival neighboring city of Albano (modern Italy).
- Stephen du Perche, Sicilian chancellor, is accused of plotting to claim the throne and is forced to flee.
Asia
- April 9 – Emperor Rokujō of Japan is deposed by his grandfather, retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, after an 8-month reign. He is succeeded by his 6-year-old uncle, Takakura, as the 80th emperor.
- Yuanqu County (also known as Wanting County) in China is destroyed by a flood of the Yellow River.
By topic
Religion
- September 20 – Antipope Paschal III dies at Rome after a 4-year reign. Giovanni di Struma is elected as his successor and will reign as Antipope Callixtus III with support from Emperor Frederick I.
Births
- April 22 – Abubakar ibn Gussom, Arab poet (d. 1242)
- August 31 – Emperor Zhangzong of Jin, Chinese ruler (d. 1208)
- November 19 – Emperor Ningzong, Chinese ruler (d. 1224)
- Ibn Muti al-Zawawi, Arab jurist and philologian (d. 1231)
- Robert of Braybrooke, English High Sheriff (d. 1210)
- Robert of Courtenay, Lord of Champignelles, French nobleman and knight (d. 1239)
- Temüge (or Otgon), brother of Genghis Khan (d. 1246)
- William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby (approximate date)
Deaths
- January 17 – Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders (b. 1099)
- March 27 – Patrick of Salisbury, Norman nobleman (b. 1122)
- April 5 – Robert de Beaumont, English nobleman (b. 1104)
- September 20 – Paschal III, antipope of Rome (b. 1110)
- October 24 – William IV, count of Auxerre and Nevers
- November 5 – Hugh IX of Lusignan, French nobleman
- Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi, Persian scholar (b. 1097)
- Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (b. 1088)
- Conrad of Babenberg, archbishop of Salzburg (b. 1115)
- Wivina, French Benedictine abbess and saint (b. 1103)
References
References
- [[Steven Runciman. Runciman, Steven]] (1952). ''A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 309–311. {{ISBN. 978-0-241-29876-3.
- Asbridge, Thomas (2015). ''The Greatest Knight: The Remarkable Life of William Marshal, Power Behind Five English Thrones'', p. 87. London: Simon & Schuster.
- Hywell Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 126. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN. 0-304-35730-8.
- Vigueur, Jean-Claude Maire. (2010). "L'autre Rome: Une histoire des Romains à l'époque communale (XIIe-XIVe siècle)". Tallandier.
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