10

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title: "10" type: doc version: 1 created: 2026-02-28 author: "Wikipedia contributors" status: active scope: public tags: ["integers", "10-(number)"] topic_path: "general/integers" source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10" license: "CC BY-SA 4.0" wikipedia_page_id: 0 wikipedia_revision_id: 0

::data[format=table title="Infobox number"]

Field	Value
number	10
numeral	decimal
divisor	1, 2, 5, 10
roman unicode	X, x
greek prefix	deca-/deka-
latin prefix	deci-
lang1	Chinese numeral
lang1 symbol	十，拾
lang2	Hebrew
lang2 symbol	י (Yod)
lang3	Khmer
lang3 symbol	១០
lang4	Armenian
lang5 symbol	௰
lang6	Thai
lang6 symbol	๑๐
lang7	Devanāgarī
lang7 symbol	१०
lang8	Santali
lang8 symbol	᱑᱐
lang9	Bengali
lang9 symbol	১০
lang10	Arabic & Kurdish & Iranian
lang10 symbol	١٠
lang11	Malayalam
lang11 symbol	൰
lang12	Egyptian hieroglyph
::

::callout[type=note] This article is about the number. For the years, see 10 BC and AD 10. For other uses, see Ten (disambiguation). ::

|lang1 = Chinese numeral |lang1 symbol= 十，拾 |lang2 = Hebrew |lang2 symbol= י (Yod) |lang3 = Khmer |lang3 symbol= ១០ |lang4=Armenian|lang4 symbol=Ժ|lang5 = Tamil |lang5 symbol= ௰ |lang6 = Thai |lang6 symbol= ๑๐ |lang7 = Devanāgarī |lang7 symbol= १० |lang8 = Santali |lang8 symbol= ᱑᱐ |lang9 = Bengali |lang9 symbol= ১০ |lang10 = Arabic & Kurdish & Iranian |lang10 symbol= ١٠ |lang11=Malayalam |lang11 symbol=൰ |lang12=Egyptian hieroglyph|lang12 symbol=𓎆|lang13=Babylonian numeral|lang13 symbol=𒌋}} 10 (ten) is the even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language.

The number "ten" originates from the Proto-Germanic root "*tehun", which in turn comes from the Proto-Indo-European root "*dekm-", meaning "ten". This root is the source of similar words for "ten" in many other Germanic languages, like Dutch, German, and Swedish. The use of the decimal system is probably because humans have ten fingers and ten toes, which people may have used to count by.

Linguistics

A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade.
The ordinal adjective is decimal; the distributive adjective is denary.
Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten.
To reduce something by one tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one-tenth of the able-bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)

Mathematics

10 is a composite number and a happy number.
10 is the smallest noncototient number.{{Cite web|author= N. J. A. Sloane|author-link=Neil Sloane|url=https://oeis.org/A005278|title=A005278: Noncototients|website=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences|publisher=OEIS Foundation|access-date=2016-06-01}}

Decagon

Main article: Decagon

A ten sided polygon is called a decagon.

List of basic calculations

::data[format=table]

Multiplication	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	20	25	50	100	1000
'10 × x'''''	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120	130	140	150	160	200	250	500	1000	10000
::

::data[format=table]

Division	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
'10 ÷ x'''''	10	5	3.	2.5	2	1.	1.	1.25	1.	1	0.	0.8	0.	0.	0.
x ÷ 10	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5
::

::data[format=table]

Exponentiation	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
10	10	100	1000	10000	100000	1000000	10000000	100000000	1000000000	10000000000
x	1	1024	59049	1048576	9765625	60466176	282475249	1073741824	3486784401	10000000000
::

List of basic calculations

::data[format=table]

Multiplication	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	50	100	1000
'10 × x'''''	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120	130	140	150	160	170	180	190	200	210	220	230	240	250	260	500	1000	10000
::

::data[format=table]

Division	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
'10 ÷ x'''''	10	5	3.	2.5	2	1.	1.	1.25	1.	1	0.	0.8	0.	0.	0.
x ÷ 10	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5
::

::data[format=table]

Exponentiation	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
10	10	100	1000	10000	100000	1000000	10000000	100000000	1000000000	10000000000
x	1	1024	59049	1048576	9765625	60466176	282475249	1073741824	3486784401
::

Science

The metric system is based on the number 10, so converting units is done by adding or removing zeros (e.g. 1 centimetre = 10 millimetres, 1 decimetre = 10 centimetres, 1 meter = 100 centimetres, 1 dekametre = 10 meters, 1 kilometre = 1,000 meters).
The 10th element of the periodic table is neon.
The 10th transition metal is zinc.

Mysticism

::figure[src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Tetractys.svg" caption="The [[tetractys"] ::

In Pythagoreanism, the number 10 played an important role and was symbolized by the tetractys.

Notes

References

Weisstein, Eric W.. "Happy Number".

::callout[type=info title="Wikipedia Source"] This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page. ::